PHP5添加了一項新的功能:Reflection。這個功能使得程序員可以reverse-engineer class, interface,function,method and extension。通過PHP代碼,就可以得到某object的所有信息,並且可以和它交互。
假設有一個類Person:
class Person { /** * For the sake of demonstration, we"re setting this private */ private $_allowDynamicAttributes = false; /** type=primary_autoincrement */ protected $id = 0; /** type=varchar length=255 null */ protected $name; /** type=text null */ protected $biography; public function getId() { return $this->id; } public function setId($v) { $this->id = $v; } public function getName() { return $this->name; } public function setName($v) { $this->name = $v; } public function getBiography() { return $this->biography; } public function setBiography($v) { $this->biography = $v; } }
通過ReflectionClass,我們可以得到Person類的以下信息:
只要把類名"Person"傳遞給ReflectionClass就可以了:
$class = new ReflectionClass('Person');
獲取屬性(Properties):
$properties = $class->getProperties(); foreach($properties as $property) { echo $property->getName()."n"; } // 輸出: // _allowDynamicAttributes // id // name // biography
默認情況下,ReflectionClass會獲取到所有的屬性,private 和 protected的也可以。如果只想獲取到private屬性,就要額外傳個參數:
$private_properties = $class->getProperties(ReflectionProperty::IS_PRIVATE);
可用參數列表:
如果要同時獲取public 和private 屬性,就這樣寫:ReflectionProperty::IS_PUBLIC | ReflectionProperty::IS_PROTECTED
應該不會感覺陌生吧。
通過$property->getName()可以得到屬性名,通過getDocComment可以得到寫給property的注釋。
foreach($properties as $property) { if($property->isProtected()) { $docblock = $property->getDocComment(); preg_match('/ type=([a-z_]*) /', $property->getDocComment(), $matches); echo $matches[1]."n"; } } // Output: // primary_autoincrement // varchar // text
有點不可思議了吧。竟然連注釋都可以取到。
獲取方法(methods):通過getMethods() 來獲取到類的所有methods。返回的是ReflectionMethod對象的數組。不再演示。
最後通過ReflectionMethod來調用類裡面的method。
$data = array("id" => 1, "name" => "Chris", "biography" => "I am am a PHP developer"); foreach($data as $key => $value) { if(!$class->hasProperty($key)) { throw new Exception($key." is not a valid property"); } if(!$class->hasMethod("get".ucfirst($key))) { throw new Exception($key." is missing a getter"); } if(!$class->hasMethod("set".ucfirst($key))) { throw new Exception($key." is missing a setter"); } // Make a new object to interact with $object = new Person(); // Get the getter method and invoke it with the value in our data array $setter = $class->getMethod("set".ucfirst($key)); $ok = $setter->invoke($object, $value); // Get the setter method and invoke it $setter = $class->getMethod("get".ucfirst($key)); $objValue = $setter->invoke($object); // Now compare if($value == $objValue) { echo "Getter or Setter has modified the data.n"; } else { echo "Getter and Setter does not modify the data.n"; } }
有點意思。