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PHP加速 eAccelerator配置和使用指南

編輯：關於PHP編程

前一段時間完成了服務器從FreeBSD4.10到6.1的升級，同時把PHP也升級到了最新的PHP5.1.4，Apache也升級到了最新的Apache2.2，為了更好的提高系統的性能考慮對PHP再進行一些優化，前兩年接觸過MMCache和eAccelerator，尤其對eAccelerator非常喜歡，這次優化也選擇了它，下面整理一些文檔和大家分享。

目錄：
一、eAccelerator介紹
1、背景
2、原理
二、安裝和配置
1、支持平台
2、系統要求
3、安裝
4、php.ini文件配置
5、驗證安裝
三、使用eAccelerator開發PHP代碼
1、API文檔和接口說明
2、開發范例
四、附錄和參考資料

一、eAccelerator介紹

1、背景
eAccelerator 是一個免費開源的PHP加速、優化、編譯和動態緩存的項目，它可以通過緩存PHP代碼編譯後的結果來提高PHP腳本的性能，使得一向很復雜和離我們很遠的PHP腳本編譯問題完全得到解決。通過使用eAccelerator，可以優化你的PHP代碼執行速度，降低服務器負載，可以提高PHP應用執行速度最高達10倍。

eAccelerator 項目誕生於2004年，當時它是作為 Turck MMCache 項目的一個分支提出並投入開發的。 Turck MMCache 由 Dmitry Stogov 開發，是個非常優秀的PHP內存緩存加速系統，如今仍然有很大部分 eAccelerator 的代碼應用到該項目中，目前該項目有很長時間沒有更新了，對於最新的PHP5.x的支持還未推出。

2、原理
eAccelerator 通過把經過編譯後的PHP代碼緩存到共享內存中，並在用戶訪問的時候直接調用從而起到高效的加速作用。它的效率非常高，從創建共享內存到查找編譯後的代碼都在非常短的時間內完成，對於不能緩存到共享內存中的文件和代碼，eAccelerator還可以把他們緩存到系統磁盤上。

eAccelerator 同樣還支持PHP代碼的編譯和解釋執行，你可以通過encoder.php腳本來對php代碼進行編譯達到保護代碼的目的，經過編譯後的代碼必須運行在安裝了eAccelerator的環境下。eAccelerator編譯後的代碼不能被反編譯，它不象其他一些編譯工具那樣可以進行反編譯，這將使得代碼更加安全和高效。

二、eAccelerator安裝配置

1、支持平台
由於aAccelerator提供了大部分基於共享內存的API，所以在*nix的平台上將得到更好的支持，雖然也發布了基於windows平台的binary版本，但我在這裡就只提供基於*nix平台的配置和說明，目前可以支持的平台包括Linux, FreeBSD, OpenBSD, Mac OS X, Solaris, AIX en HP-UX。

2、系統要求
php4 or php5
autoconf
automake
libtool
m4
eAccelerator 只支持使用 mod_php 或者 fastcgi mode 安裝的PHP

3、安裝
先去eAccelerator官方下載最新版的源碼包：eaccelerator-0.9.5-beta.tar.bz2

#tar -zxvf ./eaccelerator-0.9.5-beta2.tar.bz2
#cd eaccelerator-0.9.5-beta2
#export PHP_PREFIX="/usr/local" （把PHP安裝目錄導入到環境變量，FreeBSD默認是/usr/local）
#$PHP_PREFIX/bin/phpize
#./configure --enable-eaccelerator=shared --with-php-config=$PHP_PREFIX/bin/php-config
#make
#make install

4、ini文件配置
安裝完成，下面開始配置php.ini文件,eAccelerator提供了兩種配置和調用方式，分別如下。

安裝為 Zend extension 模式：

zend_extension="/usr/local/lib/php/20050922/eaccelerator.so"
eaccelerator.shm_size="16"
eaccelerator.cache_dir="/tmp/eaccelerator"
eaccelerator.enable="1"
eaccelerator.optimizer="1"
eaccelerator.check_mtime="1"
eaccelerator.debug="0"
eaccelerator.log_file = "/var/log/httpd/eaccelerator_log"
eaccelerator.filter=""
eaccelerator.shm_max="0"
eaccelerator.shm_ttl="0"
eaccelerator.shm_prune_period="0"
eaccelerator.shm_only="0"
eaccelerator.compress="1"
eaccelerator.compress_level="9"

如果你使用了thread safe模式安裝的PHP，你必須使用 “zend_extension_ts” 替換第一行的 “zend_extension”.

安裝為 PHP extension 模式：（這是大部分采用的方式）

extension="eaccelerator.so"
eaccelerator.shm_size="16"
eaccelerator.cache_dir="/tmp/eaccelerator"
eaccelerator.enable="1"
eaccelerator.optimizer="1"
eaccelerator.check_mtime="1"
eaccelerator.debug="0"
eaccelerator.log_file = "/var/log/httpd/eaccelerator_log"
eaccelerator.filter=""
eaccelerator.shm_max="0"
eaccelerator.shm_ttl="0"
eaccelerator.shm_prune_period="0"
eaccelerator.shm_only="0"
eaccelerator.compress="1"
eaccelerator.compress_level="9"

有關php.ini文件的詳細配置說明，請參照源碼目錄的README文檔或者訪問官方文檔：ini setting

完成安裝配置後，我們最後要創建緩存目錄

#mkdir /tmp/eaccelerator
#chmod 777 /tmp/eaccelerator

5、驗證安裝結果
通過浏覽器訪問您的phpinfo()頁面或者運行 php -i 得到php配置信息，裡面如果看到類似下面的信息就表示安裝成功了。

我的機器上同時還安裝了Zend Optimizer3.0.1，所以看到的信息如下：

This program makes use of the Zend Scripting Language Engine:
Zend Engine v2.1.0, Copyright (c) 1998-2006 Zend Technologies
   with eAccelerator v0.9.5-beta2, Copyright (c) 2004-2006 eAccelerator, by eAccelerator
   with Zend Extension Manager v1.0.10, Copyright (c) 2003-2006, by Zend Technologies
   with Zend Optimizer v3.0.1, Copyright (c) 1998-2006, by Zend Technologies

如果你打開了eAccelerator的debug選項，可以從日志中看到類似下面的信息

#tail /var/log/httpd/eAccelerator_log
EACCELERATOR hit: "/var/www/toplee.com/blog/index.php"
EACCELERATOR hit: "/var/www/toplee.com/blog/wp-blog-header.php"
EACCELERATOR hit: "/var/www/toplee.com/blog/wp-config.php"
EACCELERATOR hit: "/var/www/toplee.com/blog/wp-settings.php"
EACCELERATOR hit: "/var/www/toplee.com/blog/wp-content/plugins/wp-cache/wp-cache-phase1.php"
...

以上信息表示文件都得到了緩存和命中。

至此，我們就完成了全部的安裝和配置，好好享受eAccelerator帶給你的驚喜吧，根據Michael的測試，效果的確相當的好。

三、在PHP中可以使用eAccelerator的API開發

1、API和文檔說明：

eAccelerator提供了便捷便捷而又穩定的本機緩存實現方式，由於大部分代碼實現基於共享內存，所以只能在*nix平台中使用，Windows平台Michael就暫時不知道何時有這方面的支持了。
eAccelerator提供如下的API接口和文件：（下述文件均在源碼包的doc/php/目錄下）

文件列表：

cache.php
dasm.php
encoder.php
info.php
loader.php
session.php
shared_memory.php

接口列表：

array eaccelerator_cached_scripts ()
void eaccelerator_cache_output (string $key, string $eval_code, [int $ttl = 0])
void eaccelerator_cache_page (string $key, [int $ttl = 0])
void eaccelerator_cache_result (string $key, string $code, [int $ttl = 0])
void eaccelerator_caching (boolean $flag)
void eaccelerator_clean ()
void eaccelerator_clear ()
array eaccelerator_dasm_file (mixed $filename)
mixed eaccelerator_encode (mixed $src, [mixed $prefix = ''], [string $pre_content = ''], [string $post_content = ''])
void eaccelerator_gc ()
mixed eaccelerator_get (string $key)
array eaccelerator_info ()
array eaccelerator_list_keys ()
void eaccelerator_load ()
boolean eaccelerator_lock (string $key)
void eaccelerator_optimizer (boolean $flag)
void eaccelerator_purge ()
boolean eaccelerator_put (string $key, mixed $value, [int $ttl = 0])
array eaccelerator_removed_scripts ()
boolean eaccelerator_rm (string $key)
void eaccelerator_rm_page (string $key)
boolean eaccelerator_set_session_handlers ()
boolean eaccelerator_unlock (string $key)

有關上述文檔詳細說明請參考官方文檔：API Documents

下面有部分網友翻譯後的接口說明：

eaccelerator_put($key, $value, $ttl=0)
將 $value 以 $key 為鍵名存進緩存(php4下支持對像類型，看源碼好像zend2裡不支持了)，$ttl 是這個緩存的生命周期，單位是秒，省略該參數或指定為 0 表示不限時，直到服務器重啟清空為止。

eaccelerator_get($key)
根據 $key 從緩存中返回相應的 eaccelerator_put() 存進去的數據，如果這項緩存已經過期或不存在那麼返回值是 NULL

eaccelerator_rm($key)
根據 $key 移除緩存

eaccelerator_gc()
移除清理所有已過期的 key

eaccelerator_lock($key)
為 $key 加上鎖定操作，以保證多進程多線程操作時數據的同步。需要調用 eaccelerator_unlock($key) 來釋放這個鎖或等待程序請求結束時自動釋放這個鎖。
例如:
<?php
   eaccelerator_lock("count");
   eaccelerator_put("count",eaccelerator_get("count")+1));
?>

eaccelerator_unlock($key)
根據 $key 釋放鎖

eaccelerator_cache_output($key, $eval_code, $ttl=0)
將 $eval_code 代碼的輸出緩存 $ttl 秒，（$ttl參數同 eacclerator_put）
例如：
<?php eaccelerator_cache_output('test', 'echo time(); phpinfo();', 30); ?>

eaccelerator_cache_result($key, $eval_code, $ttl=0)
將 $eval_code 代碼的執行結果緩存 $ttl 秒，（$ttl參數同 eacclerator_put），類似 cache_output
例如：
<?php eaccelerator_cache_result('test', ' time() . "Hello";', 30); ?>

eaccelerator_cache_page($key, $ttl=0)
將當前整頁緩存 $ttl 秒。
例如：
<?php
   eaccelerator_cache_page($_SERVER['PHP_SELF'].'?GET='.serialize($_GET),30);
   echo time();
   phpinfo();
?>

eaccelerator_rm_page($key)
刪除由 eaccelerator_cache_page() 執行的緩存，參數也是 $key

2、PHP代碼中使用eAccelerator加速

下面有一個測試的代碼，你可以測試一下eAccelerator強大的威力：（該代碼在 cli 模式下可能無效）

<?php
class test_cache {
var $pro = 'hello';

function test_cache() {
   echo "Object Created!<br>\n";
}
function func() {
   echo ', the world!';
}
function now($t) {
   echo date('Y-m-d H:i:s', $t);
}
}

$tt = eaccelerator_get("test_tt");
if (!$tt)
{
$tt = new test_cache;
eaccelerator_put("test_tt", $tt);
echo "no cached!<br>\n";
}
else {
echo "cached<br>\n";
}

echo $tt->pro;
$tt->func();
$tt->now(time() + 86400);
?>

另外，據說在著名的vBulletin 3.60Beta版裡面已經集成了對eAccelerator的支持，下面是一段來自vBulletin裡面的代碼
復制代碼代碼如下:
// #############################################################################
// eAccelerator

/**
* Class for fetching and initializing the vBulletin datastore from eAccelerator
*
* @package vBulletin
* @version $Revision: 0.1 $
* @date $Date: 2005/06/12 13:14:18 $
*/
class vB_Datastore_eAccelerator extends vB_Datastore
{
/**
* Fetches the contents of the datastore from eAccelerator
*
* @param array Array of items to fetch from the datastore
*
* @return void
*/
function fetch($itemarray)
{
if (!function_exists('eaccelerator_get'))
{
trigger_error("eAccelerator not installed", E_USER_ERROR);
}

foreach ($this->defaultitems AS $item)
{
$this->do_fetch($item);
}

if (is_array($itemarray))
{
foreach ($itemarray AS $item)
{
$this->do_fetch($item);
}
}

$this->check_options();

// set the version number variable
$this->registry->versionnumber =& $this->registry->options['templateversion'];
}

/**
* Fetches the data from shared memory and detects errors
*
* @param string title of the datastore item
*
* @return void
*/
function do_fetch($title)
{
$data = eaccelerator_get($title);
if ($data === null)
{ // appears its not there, lets grab the data, lock the shared memory and put it in
$data = '';
$dataitem = $this->dbobject->query_first("
SELECT title, data FROM " . TABLE_PREFIX . "datastore
WHERE title = '" . $this->dbobject->escape_string($title) ."'
");
if (!empty($dataitem['title']))
{
$data =& $dataitem['data'];
$this->build($dataitem['title'], $dataitem['data']);
}
}
$this->register($title, $data);
}

/**
* Updates the appropriate cache file
*
* @param string title of the datastore item
*
* @return void
*/
function build($title, $data)
{
if (!function_exists('eaccelerator_put'))
{
trigger_error("eAccelerator not installed", E_USER_ERROR);
}
eaccelerator_lock($title);
eaccelerator_put($title, $data);
eaccelerator_unlock($title);
}
}

四、附錄和參考資料
eAccelerator 官方網站：http://eaccelerator.net
Websites using eAccelerator ?

http://www.advfn.com/ (2006/03/03) Advanced Financial Network, serves over 7 million page hits per day.
http://www.domaincity.co.uk/ (2005/01/29) Andrew Hutchings - Linux Guru - Just a quick message to say we are now using eaccelerator as a replacement for mmcache on 2 of our 3 node round robin clusters, 2.5million hits per day. We will be doubling this in the next few week, as well as implementing new clusters.
http://www.ets-online.de/ (2005/02/07) Denny Reeh - System Developer - The e/t/s didactic media provides an elearning server (Distance Learning System) written in PHP. We are hosting the systems for our customers mainly by ourself. So we have 5 live-servers (freebsd, apache2, php4, eaccelerator) with 5.5 million hits per month. First without eAccelerator we should have installed more servers for good performance and secondly we improve the customer convenience by quartering the medium response time of a script.
http://www.gorgoyle.com/ (2005/08/03) Gorgoyle.com is Yet Another Debian Personal Server with just a few lost Internet wanderers passing by, powered by a glorious Celeron 433 that needed some fresh air… With eAccelerator the result is quite impressive: users say the server speed is now 10000% higher (no joke!) So thank you all and keep up the good work!!! Server: eAccelerator 0.9.5 beta 1 Apache/2.0.55 (Debian) mod_python/3.1.3 Python/2.3.5 PHP/4.4.2-1 mod_ssl/2.0.55 OpenSSL/0.9.8a mod_perl/2.0.2
http://www.mafia-inc.de/ (2005/05/24) The Mafia-Incorporated is a succesfull Browser game with around 2.500.000 page impressions each day and over 5000 users. Server: PHP Version 4.3.10-9, eAccelerator 0.9.2a, Debian , Apache 2.0.53
http://www.mondespersistants.com/ (2005/01/07) An other game oriented french website with 6 000 000 pageloads monthly. http://guildes.mondespersistants.com is a full PHP5 oo development. Theses websites are running under freebsd / apache 1.3 / php 5.0.3 / eaccelerator 0.9.2
http://www.moviemaze.de/ (2005/12/09) Markus Ostertag - Movie Maze is a large german online-magazine with trailer, wallpaper, reviews, news and much more. Currently we use three servers (Suse & Debian with Apache 2, PHP4) with eAccelerator and provide more than 3TB data to ~1 Mio. users each month.
http://www.rtvslo.si (2005/01/04) The Slovenian National RTV Station and its news/misc portal with forums. Over 3500 users and more than 37000 forum messages in a year. Two round-robin servers for the masses, and an administrator server. 6 000 000 pageloads monthly.
http://www.shroomery.org/ (2006/03/28) A site about mushrooms and mycology, serving 20,000,000 pages per month. Web and database server are identical dual 64-bit Xeons with 4GB and SCSI RAID5 running Gentoo. eAccelerator help keep our page generation time under .1 second!

http://www.sourceforge.net/ (2005/04/25) SourceForge.net is the world's largest Open Source software development web site, hosting more than 100,000 projects and over 1,000,000 registered users with a centralized resource for managing projects, issues, communications, and code. SourceForge.net has the largest repository of Open Source code and applications available on the Internet, and hosts more Open Source development products than any other site or network worldwide. SourceForge.net provides a wide variety of services to projects we host, and to the Open Source community. eAccelerator is used on the webserver cluster for their frontpage.
Companies offering hosting with eAccelerator enabled ?

http://lylix.net/ (2006/04/29) Offering webhosting w/ Apache/2.0.55, PHP 5.0.5, and eAccelerator 0.9.5 beta1 on Gentoo Linux servers. Also a provider of quality Virtual Private Server (VPS) hosting, including 32 and 64-bit platforms. Most VPS images have a pre-installed LAMP environment w/ eAccelerator installed and configured.
http://www.ulyssis.org A student organisation which provides shell and internet services for students at very cheap prices.