本文實例講述了PHP面向對象程序設計組合模式與裝飾模式。分享給大家供大家參考，具體如下：
組合模式
定義：組合模式定義了一個單根繼承體系，使具有截然不同職責的集合可以並肩工作。
一個軍隊的案例，
<?php
abstract class Unit { // 個體
abstract function bombardStrength();
}
class Archer extends Unit { // 弓箭手
function bombardStrength() {
return 4;
}
}
class LaserCannonUnit extends Unit { // 火炮手
function bombardStrength() {
return 44;
}
}
?>
軍隊整合成員，輸出火力
<?php
abstract class Unit {
abstract function bombardStrength();
}
class Archer extends Unit {
function bombardStrength() {
return 4;
}
}
class LaserCannonUnit extends Unit {
function bombardStrength() {
return 44;
}
}
class Army { // 軍隊
private $units = array(); // 定義私有屬性 個體集
function addUnit( Unit $unit ) { // 添加成員
array_push( $this->units, $unit );
}
function bombardStrength() { // 火力
$ret = 0;
foreach( $this->units as $unit ) {
$ret += $unit->bombardStrength();
}
return $ret;
}
}
$unit1 = new Archer();
$unit2 = new LaserCannonUnit();
$army = new Army();
$army->addUnit( $unit1 );
$army->addUnit( $unit2 );
print $army->bombardStrength(); // 輸出火力
?>
output:
48
軍隊進一步整合其他軍隊
<?php
abstract class Unit {
abstract function bombardStrength();
}
class Archer extends Unit {
function bombardStrength() {
return 4;
}
}
class LaserCannonUnit extends Unit {
function bombardStrength() {
return 44;
}
}
class Army {
private $units = array();
private $armies= array();
function addUnit( Unit $unit ) {
array_push( $this->units, $unit );
}
function addArmy( Army $army ) {
array_push( $this->armies, $army );
}
function bombardStrength() {
$ret = 0;
foreach( $this->units as $unit ) {
$ret += $unit->bombardStrength();
}
foreach( $this->armies as $army ) {
$ret += $army->bombardStrength();
}
return $ret;
}
}
$unit1 = new Archer();
$unit2 = new LaserCannonUnit();
$army = new Army();
$army->addUnit( $unit1 );
$army->addUnit( $unit2 );
print $army->bombardStrength();
print "\n";
$army2 = clone $army; // 克隆軍隊
$army->addArmy( $army2 );
print $army->bombardStrength();
print "\n";
?>
output:
48
96
更好的方式，支持新增，移除等等其他功能。
<?php
abstract class Unit {
abstract function addUnit( Unit $unit );
abstract function removeUnit( Unit $unit );
abstract function bombardStrength();
}
class Army extends Unit { // 軍隊
private $units = array();
function addUnit( Unit $unit ) {
if ( in_array( $unit, $this->units, true ) ) { // $this用於調用正常的屬性或方法，self調用靜態的方法，屬性或者常量
return;
}
$this->units[] = $unit;
}
function removeUnit( Unit $unit ) {
// >= php 5.3
$this->units = array_udiff( $this->units, array( $unit ),
function( $a, $b ) { return ($a === $b)?0:1; } );
// < php 5.3
// $this->units = array_udiff( $this->units, array( $unit ),
// create_function( '$a,$b', 'return ($a === $b)?0:1;' ) );
// 對象數組，create_function,創建函數
}
function bombardStrength() {
$ret = 0;
foreach( $this->units as $unit ) {
$ret += $unit->bombardStrength();
}
return $ret;
}
}
// quick example classes
class Tank extends Unit { // 坦克
function addUnit( Unit $unit ) {}
function removeUnit( Unit $unit ) {}
function bombardStrength() {
return 4;
}
}
class Soldier extends Unit { // 士兵
function addUnit( Unit $unit ) {}
function removeUnit( Unit $unit ) {}
function bombardStrength() {
return 8;
}
}
$tank = new Tank();
$tank2 = new Tank();
$soldier = new Soldier();
$army = new Army();
$army->addUnit( $soldier );
$army->addUnit( $tank );
$army->addUnit( $tank2 );
print_r( $army );
print $army->bombardStrength()."\n";
$army->removeUnit( $soldier );
print_r( $army );
print $army->bombardStrength()."\n";
?>
output:
Army Object
(
[units:Army:private] => Array
(
[0] => Soldier Object
(
)
[1] => Tank Object
(
)
[2] => Tank Object
(
)
)
)
16
Army Object
(
[units:Army:private] => Array
(
[1] => Tank Object
(
)
[2] => Tank Object
(
)
)
)
8
添加異常處理
<?php
abstract class Unit {
abstract function addUnit( Unit $unit );
abstract function removeUnit( Unit $unit );
abstract function bombardStrength();
}
class Army extends Unit {
private $units = array();
function addUnit( Unit $unit ) {
if ( in_array( $unit, $this->units, true ) ) {
return;
}
$this->units[] = $unit;
}
function removeUnit( Unit $unit ) {
// >= php 5.3
//$this->units = array_udiff( $this->units, array( $unit ),
// function( $a, $b ) { return ($a === $b)?0:1; } );
// < php 5.3
$this->units = array_udiff( $this->units, array( $unit ),
create_function( '$a,$b', 'return ($a === $b)?0:1;' ) );
}
function bombardStrength() {
$ret = 0;
foreach( $this->units as $unit ) {
$ret += $unit->bombardStrength();
}
return $ret;
}
}
class UnitException extends Exception {}
class Archer extends Unit {
function addUnit( Unit $unit ) {
throw new UnitException( get_class($this)." is a leaf" );
}
function removeUnit( Unit $unit ) {
throw new UnitException( get_class($this)." is a leaf" );
}
function bombardStrength() {
return 4;
}
}
$archer = new Archer();
$archer2 = new Archer();
$archer->addUnit( $archer2 );
?>
output:
Fatal error: Uncaught exception 'UnitException' with message 'Archer is a leaf'
點評：組合模式中的一切類都共享同一個父類型，可以輕松地在設計中添加新的組合對象或局部對象，而無需大范圍地修改代碼。
最終的效果，逐步優化(完美)：
<?php
class UnitException extends Exception {}
abstract class Unit {
abstract function bombardStrength();
function addUnit( Unit $unit ) {
throw new UnitException( get_class($this)." is a leaf" );
}
function removeUnit( Unit $unit ) {
throw new UnitException( get_class($this)." is a leaf" );
}
}
class Archer extends Unit {
function bombardStrength() {
return 4;
}
}
class LaserCannonUnit extends Unit {
function bombardStrength() {
return 44;
}
}
class Army extends Unit {
private $units = array();
function addUnit( Unit $unit ) {
if ( in_array( $unit, $this->units, true ) ) {
return;
}
$this->units[] = $unit;
}
function removeUnit( Unit $unit ) {
// >= php 5.3
//$this->units = array_udiff( $this->units, array( $unit ),
// function( $a, $b ) { return ($a === $b)?0:1; } );
// < php 5.3
$this->units = array_udiff( $this->units, array( $unit ),
create_function( '$a,$b', 'return ($a === $b)?0:1;' ) );
}
function bombardStrength() {
$ret = 0;
foreach( $this->units as $unit ) {
$ret += $unit->bombardStrength();
}
return $ret;
}
}
// create an army
$main_army = new Army();
// add some units
$main_army->addUnit( new Archer() );
$main_army->addUnit( new LaserCannonUnit() );
// create a new army
$sub_army = new Army();
// add some units
$sub_army->addUnit( new Archer() );
$sub_army->addUnit( new Archer() );
$sub_army->addUnit( new Archer() );
// add the second army to the first
$main_army->addUnit( $sub_army );
// all the calculations handled behind the scenes
print "attacking with strength: {$main_army->bombardStrength()}\n";
?>
output:
attacking with strength: 60
更牛逼的組合處理，
<?php
abstract class Unit {
function getComposite() {
return null;
}
abstract function bombardStrength();
}
abstract class CompositeUnit extends Unit { // 抽象類繼承抽象類
private $units = array();
function getComposite() {
return $this;
}
protected function units() {
return $this->units;
}
function removeUnit( Unit $unit ) {
// >= php 5.3
//$this->units = array_udiff( $this->units, array( $unit ),
// function( $a, $b ) { return ($a === $b)?0:1; } );
// < php 5.3
$this->units = array_udiff( $this->units, array( $unit ),
create_function( '$a,$b', 'return ($a === $b)?0:1;' ) );
}
function addUnit( Unit $unit ) {
if ( in_array( $unit, $this->units, true ) ) {
return;
}
$this->units[] = $unit;
}
}
class Army extends CompositeUnit {
function bombardStrength() {
$ret = 0;
foreach( $this->units as $unit ) {
$ret += $unit->bombardStrength();
}
return $ret;
}
}
class Archer extends Unit {
function bombardStrength() {
return 4;
}
}
class LaserCannonUnit extends Unit {
function bombardStrength() {
return 44;
}
}
class UnitScript {
static function joinExisting( Unit $newUnit,
Unit $occupyingUnit ) { // 靜態方法，直接通過類名來使用
$comp;
if ( ! is_null( $comp = $occupyingUnit->getComposite() ) ) { // 軍隊合並處理
$comp->addUnit( $newUnit );
} else { // 士兵合並處理
$comp = new Army();
$comp->addUnit( $occupyingUnit );
$comp->addUnit( $newUnit );
}
return $comp;
}
}
$army1 = new Army();
$army1->addUnit( new Archer() );
$army1->addUnit( new Archer() );
$army2 = new Army();
$army2->addUnit( new Archer() );
$army2->addUnit( new Archer() );
$army2->addUnit( new LaserCannonUnit() );
$composite = UnitScript::joinExisting( $army2, $army1 );
print_r( $composite );
?>
output:
Army Object
(
[units:CompositeUnit:private] => Array
(
[0] => Archer Object
(
)
[1] => Archer Object
(
)
[2] => Army Object
(
[units:CompositeUnit:private] => Array
(
[0] => Archer Object
(
)
[1] => Archer Object
(
)
[2] => LaserCannonUnit Object
(
)
)
)
)
)
點評：Unit 基礎，CompositeUnit復合中實現add與remove。軍隊繼承Composite，射手繼承Archer。這樣射手中就不會有多余的add與remove方法了。
裝飾模式
裝飾模式幫助我們改變具體組件的功能。
看例子
<?php
abstract class Tile { // 磚瓦
abstract function getWealthFactor(); // 獲取財富
}
class Plains extends Tile { // 平原
private $wealthfactor = 2;
function getWealthFactor() {
return $this->wealthfactor;
}
}
class DiamondPlains extends Plains { // 鑽石地段
function getWealthFactor() {
return parent::getWealthFactor() + 2;
}
}
class PollutedPlains extends Plains { // 污染地段
function getWealthFactor() {
return parent::getWealthFactor() - 4;
}
}
$tile = new PollutedPlains();
print $tile->getWealthFactor();
?>
output:
-2
點評：不具有靈活性，我們不能同時獲得鑽石與被污染的土地的資金情況。
裝飾模式使用組合和委托而不是只使用繼承來解決功能變化的問題。
看例子：
<?php
abstract class Tile {
abstract function getWealthFactor();
}
class Plains extends Tile {
private $wealthfactor = 2;
function getWealthFactor() {
return $this->wealthfactor;
}
}
abstract class TileDecorator extends Tile { // 裝飾
protected $tile;
function __construct( Tile $tile ) {
$this->tile = $tile;
}
}
class DiamondDecorator extends TileDecorator { // 鑽石裝飾
function getWealthFactor() {
return $this->tile->getWealthFactor()+2;
}
}
class PollutionDecorator extends TileDecorator { // 污染裝飾
function getWealthFactor() {
return $this->tile->getWealthFactor()-4;
}
}
$tile = new Plains();
print $tile->getWealthFactor(); // 2
$tile = new DiamondDecorator( new Plains() );
print $tile->getWealthFactor(); // 4
$tile = new PollutionDecorator(
new DiamondDecorator( new Plains() ));
print $tile->getWealthFactor(); // 0
?>
output:
2
4
0
點評：這個模型具有擴展性。我們不需要創建DiamondPollutionPlains對象就可以構建一個鑽石被污染的對象。
一個更逼真的例子
<?php
class RequestHelper{} // 請求助手
abstract class ProcessRequest { // 進程請求
abstract function process( RequestHelper $req );
}
class MainProcess extends ProcessRequest { // 主進程
function process( RequestHelper $req ) {
print __CLASS__.": doing something useful with request\n";
}
}
abstract class DecorateProcess extends ProcessRequest { // 裝飾進程
protected $processrequest;
function __construct( ProcessRequest $pr ) { // 引用對象，委托
$this->processrequest = $pr;
}
}
class LogRequest extends DecorateProcess { // 日志請求
function process( RequestHelper $req ) {
print __CLASS__.": logging request\n"; // 當前類,有點遞歸的感覺
$this->processrequest->process( $req );
}
}
class AuthenticateRequest extends DecorateProcess { // 認證請求
function process( RequestHelper $req ) {
print __CLASS__.": authenticating request\n";
$this->processrequest->process( $req );
}
}
class StructureRequest extends DecorateProcess { // 組織結構請求
function process( RequestHelper $req ) {
print __CLASS__.": structuring request\n";
$this->processrequest->process( $req );
}
}
$process = new AuthenticateRequest( new StructureRequest(
new LogRequest (
new MainProcess()
))); // 這樣可以很靈活的組合進程的關系，省去很多重復的繼承
$process->process( new RequestHelper() );
print_r($process);
?>
output:
AuthenticateRequest: authenticating request
StructureRequest: structuring request
LogRequest: logging request
MainProcess: doing something useful with request
AuthenticateRequest Object
(
[processrequest:protected] => StructureRequest Object
(
[processrequest:protected] => LogRequest Object
(
[processrequest:protected] => MainProcess Object
(
)
)
)
)
點評：這裡有一種遞歸的感覺，一層調用一層。模式是牛人總結出來用於靈活的解決一些現實問題的。牛！給開發多一點思路。
更多關於PHP相關內容感興趣的讀者可查看本站專題：《php面向對象程序設計入門教程》、《PHP基本語法入門教程》、《PHP運算與運算符用法總結》、《PHP網絡編程技巧總結》、《PHP數組(Array)操作技巧大全》、《php字符串(string)用法總結》、《php+mysql數據庫操作入門教程》及《php常見數據庫操作技巧匯總》
希望本文所述對大家PHP程序設計有所幫助。
