本文實例講述了Zend Framework教程之請求對象的封裝Zend_Controller_Request方法。分享給大家供大家參考,具體如下:
概述
請求對象是在前端控制器,路由器,分發器,以及控制類間傳遞的簡單值對象。請求對象封裝了請求的模塊,控制器,動作以及可選的參數,還包括其他的請求環境,如HTTP,CLI,PHP-GTK。
請求對象的基本實現
├── Request
│ ├── Abstract.php
│ ├── Apache404.php
│ ├── Exception.php
│ ├── Http.php
│ ├── HttpTestCase.php
│ └── Simple.php
Zend_Controller_Request_Abstract
實現了請求對象的基本方法。
<?php abstract class Zend_Controller_Request_Abstract { protected $_dispatched = false; protected $_module; protected $_moduleKey = 'module'; protected $_controller; protected $_controllerKey = 'controller'; protected $_action; protected $_actionKey = 'action'; protected $_params = array(); public function getModuleName() { if (null === $this->_module) { $this->_module = $this->getParam($this->getModuleKey()); } return $this->_module; } public function setModuleName($value) { $this->_module = $value; return $this; } public function getControllerName() { if (null === $this->_controller) { $this->_controller = $this->getParam($this->getControllerKey()); } return $this->_controller; } public function setControllerName($value) { $this->_controller = $value; return $this; } public function getActionName() { if (null === $this->_action) { $this->_action = $this->getParam($this->getActionKey()); } return $this->_action; } public function setActionName($value) { $this->_action = $value; /** * @see ZF-3465 */ if (null === $value) { $this->setParam($this->getActionKey(), $value); } return $this; } public function getModuleKey() { return $this->_moduleKey; } public function setModuleKey($key) { $this->_moduleKey = (string) $key; return $this; } public function getControllerKey() { return $this->_controllerKey; } public function setControllerKey($key) { $this->_controllerKey = (string) $key; return $this; } public function getActionKey() { return $this->_actionKey; } public function setActionKey($key) { $this->_actionKey = (string) $key; return $this; } public function getParam($key, $default = null) { $key = (string) $key; if (isset($this->_params[$key])) { return $this->_params[$key]; } return $default; } public function getUserParams() { return $this->_params; } public function getUserParam($key, $default = null) { if (isset($this->_params[$key])) { return $this->_params[$key]; } return $default; } public function setParam($key, $value) { $key = (string) $key; if ((null === $value) && isset($this->_params[$key])) { unset($this->_params[$key]); } elseif (null !== $value) { $this->_params[$key] = $value; } return $this; } public function getParams() { return $this->_params; } public function setParams(array $array) { $this->_params = $this->_params + (array) $array; foreach ($array as $key => $value) { if (null === $value) { unset($this->_params[$key]); } } return $this; } public function clearParams() { $this->_params = array(); return $this; } public function setDispatched($flag = true) { $this->_dispatched = $flag ? true : false; return $this; } public function isDispatched() { return $this->_dispatched; } }
Zend_Controller_Request_Http
Zend_Controller_Request請求對象的默認實現。
<?php require_once 'Zend/Controller/Request/Abstract.php'; require_once 'Zend/Uri.php'; class Zend_Controller_Request_Http extends Zend_Controller_Request_Abstract { const SCHEME_HTTP = 'http'; const SCHEME_HTTPS = 'https'; protected $_paramSources = array('_GET', '_POST'); protected $_requestUri; protected $_baseUrl = null; protected $_basePath = null; protected $_pathInfo = ''; protected $_params = array(); protected $_rawBody; protected $_aliases = array(); public function __construct($uri = null) { if (null !== $uri) { if (!$uri instanceof Zend_Uri) { $uri = Zend_Uri::factory($uri); } if ($uri->valid()) { $path = $uri->getPath(); $query = $uri->getQuery(); if (!empty($query)) { $path .= '?' . $query; } $this->setRequestUri($path); } else { require_once 'Zend/Controller/Request/Exception.php'; throw new Zend_Controller_Request_Exception('Invalid URI provided to constructor'); } } else { $this->setRequestUri(); } } public function __get($key) { switch (true) { case isset($this->_params[$key]): return $this->_params[$key]; case isset($_GET[$key]): return $_GET[$key]; case isset($_POST[$key]): return $_POST[$key]; case isset($_COOKIE[$key]): return $_COOKIE[$key]; case ($key == 'REQUEST_URI'): return $this->getRequestUri(); case ($key == 'PATH_INFO'): return $this->getPathInfo(); case isset($_SERVER[$key]): return $_SERVER[$key]; case isset($_ENV[$key]): return $_ENV[$key]; default: return null; } } public function get($key) { return $this->__get($key); } public function __set($key, $value) { require_once 'Zend/Controller/Request/Exception.php'; throw new Zend_Controller_Request_Exception('Setting values in superglobals not allowed; please use setParam()'); } public function set($key, $value) { return $this->__set($key, $value); } public function __isset($key) { switch (true) { case isset($this->_params[$key]): return true; case isset($_GET[$key]): return true; case isset($_POST[$key]): return true; case isset($_COOKIE[$key]): return true; case isset($_SERVER[$key]): return true; case isset($_ENV[$key]): return true; default: return false; } } public function has($key) { return $this->__isset($key); } public function setQuery($spec, $value = null) { if ((null === $value) && !is_array($spec)) { require_once 'Zend/Controller/Exception.php'; throw new Zend_Controller_Exception('Invalid value passed to setQuery(); must be either array of values or key/value pair'); } if ((null === $value) && is_array($spec)) { foreach ($spec as $key => $value) { $this->setQuery($key, $value); } return $this; } $_GET[(string) $spec] = $value; return $this; } public function getQuery($key = null, $default = null) { if (null === $key) { return $_GET; } return (isset($_GET[$key])) ? $_GET[$key] : $default; } public function setPost($spec, $value = null) { if ((null === $value) && !is_array($spec)) { require_once 'Zend/Controller/Exception.php'; throw new Zend_Controller_Exception('Invalid value passed to setPost(); must be either array of values or key/value pair'); } if ((null === $value) && is_array($spec)) { foreach ($spec as $key => $value) { $this->setPost($key, $value); } return $this; } $_POST[(string) $spec] = $value; return $this; } public function getPost($key = null, $default = null) { if (null === $key) { return $_POST; } return (isset($_POST[$key])) ? $_POST[$key] : $default; } public function getCookie($key = null, $default = null) { if (null === $key) { return $_COOKIE; } return (isset($_COOKIE[$key])) ? $_COOKIE[$key] : $default; } public function getServer($key = null, $default = null) { if (null === $key) { return $_SERVER; } return (isset($_SERVER[$key])) ? $_SERVER[$key] : $default; } public function getEnv($key = null, $default = null) { if (null === $key) { return $_ENV; } return (isset($_ENV[$key])) ? $_ENV[$key] : $default; } public function setRequestUri($requestUri = null) { if ($requestUri === null) { if (isset($_SERVER['HTTP_X_REWRITE_URL'])) { // check this first so IIS will catch $requestUri = $_SERVER['HTTP_X_REWRITE_URL']; } elseif ( // IIS7 with URL Rewrite: make sure we get the unencoded url (double slash problem) isset($_SERVER['IIS_WasUrlRewritten']) && $_SERVER['IIS_WasUrlRewritten'] == '1' && isset($_SERVER['UNENCODED_URL']) && $_SERVER['UNENCODED_URL'] != '' ) { $requestUri = $_SERVER['UNENCODED_URL']; } elseif (isset($_SERVER['REQUEST_URI'])) { $requestUri = $_SERVER['REQUEST_URI']; // Http proxy reqs setup request uri with scheme and host [and port] + the url path, only use url path $schemeAndHttpHost = $this->getScheme() . '://' . $this->getHttpHost(); if (strpos($requestUri, $schemeAndHttpHost) === 0) { $requestUri = substr($requestUri, strlen($schemeAndHttpHost)); } } elseif (isset($_SERVER['ORIG_PATH_INFO'])) { // IIS 5.0, PHP as CGI $requestUri = $_SERVER['ORIG_PATH_INFO']; if (!empty($_SERVER['QUERY_STRING'])) { $requestUri .= '?' . $_SERVER['QUERY_STRING']; } } else { return $this; } } elseif (!is_string($requestUri)) { return $this; } else { // Set GET items, if available if (false !== ($pos = strpos($requestUri, '?'))) { // Get key => value pairs and set $_GET $query = substr($requestUri, $pos + 1); parse_str($query, $vars); $this->setQuery($vars); } } $this->_requestUri = $requestUri; return $this; } public function getRequestUri() { if (empty($this->_requestUri)) { $this->setRequestUri(); } return $this->_requestUri; } public function setBaseUrl($baseUrl = null) { if ((null !== $baseUrl) && !is_string($baseUrl)) { return $this; } if ($baseUrl === null) { $filename = (isset($_SERVER['SCRIPT_FILENAME'])) ? basename($_SERVER['SCRIPT_FILENAME']) : ''; if (isset($_SERVER['SCRIPT_NAME']) && basename($_SERVER['SCRIPT_NAME']) === $filename) { $baseUrl = $_SERVER['SCRIPT_NAME']; } elseif (isset($_SERVER['PHP_SELF']) && basename($_SERVER['PHP_SELF']) === $filename) { $baseUrl = $_SERVER['PHP_SELF']; } elseif (isset($_SERVER['ORIG_SCRIPT_NAME']) && basename($_SERVER['ORIG_SCRIPT_NAME']) === $filename) { $baseUrl = $_SERVER['ORIG_SCRIPT_NAME']; // 1and1 shared hosting compatibility } else { // Backtrack up the script_filename to find the portion matching // php_self $path = isset($_SERVER['PHP_SELF']) ? $_SERVER['PHP_SELF'] : ''; $file = isset($_SERVER['SCRIPT_FILENAME']) ? $_SERVER['SCRIPT_FILENAME'] : ''; $segs = explode('/', trim($file, '/')); $segs = array_reverse($segs); $index = 0; $last = count($segs); $baseUrl = ''; do { $seg = $segs[$index]; $baseUrl = '/' . $seg . $baseUrl; ++$index; } while (($last > $index) && (false !== ($pos = strpos($path, $baseUrl))) && (0 != $pos)); } // Does the baseUrl have anything in common with the request_uri? $requestUri = $this->getRequestUri(); if (0 === strpos($requestUri, $baseUrl)) { // full $baseUrl matches $this->_baseUrl = $baseUrl; return $this; } if (0 === strpos($requestUri, dirname($baseUrl))) { // directory portion of $baseUrl matches $this->_baseUrl = rtrim(dirname($baseUrl), '/'); return $this; } $truncatedRequestUri = $requestUri; if (($pos = strpos($requestUri, '?')) !== false) { $truncatedRequestUri = substr($requestUri, 0, $pos); } $basename = basename($baseUrl); if (empty($basename) || !strpos($truncatedRequestUri, $basename)) { // no match whatsoever; set it blank $this->_baseUrl = ''; return $this; } // If using mod_rewrite or ISAPI_Rewrite strip the script filename // out of baseUrl. $pos !== 0 makes sure it is not matching a value // from PATH_INFO or QUERY_STRING if ((strlen($requestUri) >= strlen($baseUrl)) && ((false !== ($pos = strpos($requestUri, $baseUrl))) && ($pos !== 0))) { $baseUrl = substr($requestUri, 0, $pos + strlen($baseUrl)); } } $this->_baseUrl = rtrim($baseUrl, '/'); return $this; } public function getBaseUrl($raw = false) { if (null === $this->_baseUrl) { $this->setBaseUrl(); } return (($raw == false) ? urldecode($this->_baseUrl) : $this->_baseUrl); } public function setBasePath($basePath = null) { if ($basePath === null) { $filename = (isset($_SERVER['SCRIPT_FILENAME'])) ? basename($_SERVER['SCRIPT_FILENAME']) : ''; $baseUrl = $this->getBaseUrl(); if (empty($baseUrl)) { $this->_basePath = ''; return $this; } if (basename($baseUrl) === $filename) { $basePath = dirname($baseUrl); } else { $basePath = $baseUrl; } } if (substr(PHP_OS, 0, 3) === 'WIN') { $basePath = str_replace('\\', '/', $basePath); } $this->_basePath = rtrim($basePath, '/'); return $this; } public function getBasePath() { if (null === $this->_basePath) { $this->setBasePath(); } return $this->_basePath; } public function setPathInfo($pathInfo = null) { if ($pathInfo === null) { $baseUrl = $this->getBaseUrl(); // this actually calls setBaseUrl() & setRequestUri() $baseUrlRaw = $this->getBaseUrl(false); $baseUrlEncoded = urlencode($baseUrlRaw); if (null === ($requestUri = $this->getRequestUri())) { return $this; } // Remove the query string from REQUEST_URI if ($pos = strpos($requestUri, '?')) { $requestUri = substr($requestUri, 0, $pos); } if (!empty($baseUrl) || !empty($baseUrlRaw)) { if (strpos($requestUri, $baseUrl) === 0) { $pathInfo = substr($requestUri, strlen($baseUrl)); } elseif (strpos($requestUri, $baseUrlRaw) === 0) { $pathInfo = substr($requestUri, strlen($baseUrlRaw)); } elseif (strpos($requestUri, $baseUrlEncoded) === 0) { $pathInfo = substr($requestUri, strlen($baseUrlEncoded)); } else { $pathInfo = $requestUri; } } else { $pathInfo = $requestUri; } } $this->_pathInfo = (string) $pathInfo; return $this; } public function getPathInfo() { if (empty($this->_pathInfo)) { $this->setPathInfo(); } return $this->_pathInfo; } public function setParamSources(array $paramSources = array()) { $this->_paramSources = $paramSources; return $this; } public function getParamSources() { return $this->_paramSources; } public function setParam($key, $value) { $key = (null !== ($alias = $this->getAlias($key))) ? $alias : $key; parent::setParam($key, $value); return $this; } public function getParam($key, $default = null) { $keyName = (null !== ($alias = $this->getAlias($key))) ? $alias : $key; $paramSources = $this->getParamSources(); if (isset($this->_params[$keyName])) { return $this->_params[$keyName]; } elseif (in_array('_GET', $paramSources) && (isset($_GET[$keyName]))) { return $_GET[$keyName]; } elseif (in_array('_POST', $paramSources) && (isset($_POST[$keyName]))) { return $_POST[$keyName]; } return $default; } public function getParams() { $return = $this->_params; $paramSources = $this->getParamSources(); if (in_array('_GET', $paramSources) && isset($_GET) && is_array($_GET) ) { $return += $_GET; } if (in_array('_POST', $paramSources) && isset($_POST) && is_array($_POST) ) { $return += $_POST; } return $return; } public function setParams(array $params) { foreach ($params as $key => $value) { $this->setParam($key, $value); } return $this; } public function setAlias($name, $target) { $this->_aliases[$name] = $target; return $this; } public function getAlias($name) { if (isset($this->_aliases[$name])) { return $this->_aliases[$name]; } return null; } public function getAliases() { return $this->_aliases; } public function getMethod() { return $this->getServer('REQUEST_METHOD'); } public function isPost() { if ('POST' == $this->getMethod()) { return true; } return false; } public function isGet() { if ('GET' == $this->getMethod()) { return true; } return false; } public function isPut() { if ('PUT' == $this->getMethod()) { return true; } return false; } public function isDelete() { if ('DELETE' == $this->getMethod()) { return true; } return false; } public function isHead() { if ('HEAD' == $this->getMethod()) { return true; } return false; } public function isOptions() { if ('OPTIONS' == $this->getMethod()) { return true; } return false; } public function isXmlHttpRequest() { return ($this->getHeader('X_REQUESTED_WITH') == 'XMLHttpRequest'); } public function isFlashRequest() { $header = strtolower($this->getHeader('USER_AGENT')); return (strstr($header, ' flash')) ? true : false; } public function isSecure() { return ($this->getScheme() === self::SCHEME_HTTPS); } public function getRawBody() { if (null === $this->_rawBody) { $body = file_get_contents('php://input'); if (strlen(trim($body)) > 0) { $this->_rawBody = $body; } else { $this->_rawBody = false; } } return $this->_rawBody; } public function getHeader($header) { if (empty($header)) { require_once 'Zend/Controller/Request/Exception.php'; throw new Zend_Controller_Request_Exception('An HTTP header name is required'); } // Try to get it from the $_SERVER array first $temp = 'HTTP_' . strtoupper(str_replace('-', '_', $header)); if (isset($_SERVER[$temp])) { return $_SERVER[$temp]; } // This seems to be the only way to get the Authorization header on // Apache if (function_exists('apache_request_headers')) { $headers = apache_request_headers(); if (isset($headers[$header])) { return $headers[$header]; } $header = strtolower($header); foreach ($headers as $key => $value) { if (strtolower($key) == $header) { return $value; } } } return false; } public function getScheme() { return ($this->getServer('HTTPS') == 'on') ? self::SCHEME_HTTPS : self::SCHEME_HTTP; } public function getHttpHost() { $host = $this->getServer('HTTP_HOST'); if (!empty($host)) { return $host; } $scheme = $this->getScheme(); $name = $this->getServer('SERVER_NAME'); $port = $this->getServer('SERVER_PORT'); if(null === $name) { return ''; } elseif (($scheme == self::SCHEME_HTTP && $port == 80) || ($scheme == self::SCHEME_HTTPS && $port == 443)) { return $name; } else { return $name . ':' . $port; } } public function getClientIp($checkProxy = true) { if ($checkProxy && $this->getServer('HTTP_CLIENT_IP') != null) { $ip = $this->getServer('HTTP_CLIENT_IP'); } else if ($checkProxy && $this->getServer('HTTP_X_FORWARDED_FOR') != null) { $ip = $this->getServer('HTTP_X_FORWARDED_FOR'); } else { $ip = $this->getServer('REMOTE_ADDR'); } return $ip; } }
從上述類的實現,不難看出,類為我們提供了很多方便的方法來獲取需要的數據。例如:
模塊名可通過getModuleName()和setModuleName()訪問。
控制器名可通過getControllerName()和setControllerName()訪問。
控制器調用的動作名稱可通過getActionName()和setActionName()訪問。
可訪問的參數是一個鍵值對的關聯數組。數組可通過getParams()和 setParams()獲取及設置,單個參數可以通過 getParam() 和 setParam()獲取及設置。
基於請求的類型存在更多的可用方法。默認的Zend_Controller_Request_Http請求對象,擁有訪問請求url、路徑信息、$_GET 和 $_POST參數的方法等等。
請求對象先被傳入到前端控制器。如果沒有提供請求對象,它將在分發過程的開始、任何路由過程發生之前實例化。請求對象將被傳遞到分發鏈中的每個對象。
而且,請求對象在測試中是很有用的。開發人員可根據需要搭建請求環境,包括模塊、控制器、動作、參數、URI等等,並且將其傳入前端控制器來測試程序流向。如果與響應對象配合,可以對MVC程序進行精確巧妙的單元測試(unit testing)。
HTTP 請求
訪問請求數據
Zend_Controller_Request_Http封裝了對相關值的訪問,如控制器和動作路由器變量的鍵名和值,從URL解析的附加參數。它還允許訪問作為公共成員的超全局變量,管理當前的基地址(Base URL)和請求URI。超全局變量不能在請求對象中賦值,但可以通過setParam/getParam方法設定/獲取用戶參數。
Note: 超全局數據
通過Zend_Controller_Request_Http訪問公共成員屬性的超全局數據,有必要認識到一點,這些屬性名(超全局數組的鍵)按照特定次序匹配超全局變量:1. GET,2.POST,3. COOKIE,4. SERVER,5. ENV。
特定的超全局變量也可以選擇特定的方法來訪問,如$_POST['user']可以調用請求對象的getPost('user')訪問,getQuery()可以獲取$_GET元素,getHeader()可以獲取請求消息頭。
Note: GET和POST數據
需要注意:在請求對象中訪問數據是沒有經過任何過濾的,路由器和分發器根據任務來驗證過濾數據,但在請求對象中沒有任何處理。
Note: 也獲取原始 (Raw) POST 數據!
從 1.5.0 開始,也可以通過 getRawBody() 方法獲取原始 post 數據。如果沒有數據以那種方式提交,該方法返回 false,但 post 的全體(full boday)是個例外。
當開發一個 RESTful MVC 程序,這個對於接受內容相當有用。
可以在請求對象中使用setParam() 和getParam()來設置和獲取用戶參數。 路由器根據請求URI中的參數,利用這項功能請求對象設定參數。
Note: getParam()不只可以獲取用戶參數
getParam()事實上從幾個資源中獲取參數。根據優先級排序:通過setParam()設置的用戶參數,GET 參數,最後是POST參數。 通過該方法獲取數據時需要注意這點。
如果你希望從你通過 setParam() 設置的參數中獲取(參數),使用 getUserParam()。
另外,從 1.5.0 開始,可以鎖定搜索哪個參數源,setParamSources() 允許指定一個空數組或者一個帶有一個或多個指示哪個參數源被允許(缺省兩者都被允許)的值 '_GET'或'_POST'的數組;如果想限制只訪問 '_GET',那麼指定 setParamSources(array('_GET')) 。
Note: Apache相關
如果使用apache的404處理器來傳遞請求到前端控制器,或者使用重寫規則(rewrite rules)的PT標志,URI包含在$_SERVER['REDIRECT_URL'],而不是$_SERVER['REQUEST_URI']。如果使用這樣的設定並獲取無效的路由,應該使用Zend_Controller_Request_Apache404類代替默認的HTTP類:
$request = new Zend_Controller_Request_Apache404(); $front->setRequest($request);
這個類繼承了Zend_Controller_Request_Http,並簡單的修改了請求URI的自動發現(autodiscovery),它可以用來作為簡易替換器件(drop-in replacement)。
基地址和子目錄
Zend_Controller_Request_Http允許在子目錄中使用Zend_Controller_Router_Rewrite。Zend_Controller_Request_Http試圖自動的檢測你的基地址,並進行相應的設置。
例如,如果將 index.php 放在web服務器的名為/projects/myapp/index.php子目錄中,基地址應該被設置為/projects/myapp。計算任何路由匹配之前將先從路徑中去除這個字符串。這個字串需要被加入到任何路由前面。路由 'user/:username'將匹配類似http://localhost/projects/myapp/user/martel 和http://example.com/user/martel的URL。
Note: URL檢測區分大小寫
基地址的自動檢測是區分大小寫的,因此需要確保URL與文件系統中的子目錄匹配。否則將會引發異常。
如果基地址經檢測不正確,可以利用Zend_Controller_Request_Http或者Zend_Controller_Front類的setBaseUrl()方法設置自己的基路徑。Zend_Controller_Front設置最容易,它將導入基地址到請求對象。定制基地址的用法舉例:
/** * Dispatch Request with custom base URL with Zend_Controller_Front. */ $router = new Zend_Controller_Router_Rewrite(); $controller = Zend_Controller_Front::getInstance(); $controller->setControllerDirectory('./application/controllers') ->setRouter($router) ->setBaseUrl('/projects/myapp'); // set the base url! $response = $controller->dispatch();
判斷請求方式
getMethod() 允許你決定用於請求當前資源的 HTTP 請求方法。另外,當詢問是否一個請求的特定類型是否已經存在,有許多方法允許你獲得布爾響應:
isGet()
isPost()
isPut()
isDelete()
isHead()
isOptions()
這些基本用例是來創建 RESTful MVC 架構的。
AJAX 請求
Zend_Controller_Request_Http 有一個初步的方法用來檢測AJAX請求:isXmlHttpRequest()。這個方法尋找一個帶有'XMLHttpRequest' 值的HTTP請求頭X-Requested-With;如果發現,就返回true。
當前,這個頭用下列JS庫缺省地傳遞:
Prototype/Scriptaculous (and libraries derived from Prototype)
Yahoo! UI Library
jQuery
MochiKit
大多數 AJAX 庫允許發送定制的HTTP請求頭;如果你的庫沒有發送這個頭,簡單地把它作為一個請求頭添加上確保isXmlHttpRequest() 方法工作。
子類化請求對象。
請求對象是請求環境的容器。控制器鏈實際上只需要知道如何設置和獲取控制器、動作,可選的參數以及分發的狀態。默認的,請求將使用controller和action鍵查詢自己的參數來確定控制器和動作。
需要一個請求類來與特定的環境交互以獲得需要的數據時,可以擴展該基類或它的衍生類。例如HTTP環境,CLI環境,或者PHP-GTK環境。
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