在PHP中有好幾個預定義的接口,比較常用的四個接口(IteratorAggregate(聚合式aggregate迭代器Iterator)、Countable、ArrayAccess、Iterator)分別給大家詳細介紹下。
IteratorAggregate(聚合式aggregate迭代器Iterator)接口
復制代碼 代碼如下:
IteratorAggregate extends Traversable {
abstract public Traversable getIterator(void)
}
這個接口實現了一個功能——創建外部迭代器,具體怎麼理解呢,當我們使用foreach對對象進行便遍歷的時候,如果沒有繼承IteratorAggregate接口,遍歷的是對象中所有的public屬性(只能是public $var這種形式)。要是繼承了IteratorAggregate,會使用類中實現的getIterator方法返回的對象,這裡要注意返回的一定要是一個Traversable對象或者擴展自Traversable的對象,否則會拋出異常
//看個例子 class My{ private $_data = [ 'a' => '燕睿濤', 'b' => 'yanruitao', 'c' => 'LULU', ]; public function getIterator() { return new ArrayIterator($this->_data); } } $obj = new My; foreach ($obj as $key => $value) { echo "$key => $value\n"; } //輸出結果為空 class My implements IteratorAggregate { private $_data = [ 'a' => '燕睿濤', 'b' => 'yanruitao', 'c' => 'LULU', ]; public function getIterator() { return new ArrayIterator($this->_data); } } $obj = new My; foreach ($obj as $key => $value) { echo "$key => $value\n"; } //結果: a => 燕睿濤 b => yanruitao c => LULU
Countable接口
復制代碼 代碼如下:
Countable {
abstract public int count(void)
}
這個接口用於統計對象的數量,具體怎麼理解呢,當我們對一個對象調用count的時候,如果函數沒有繼承Countable將一直返回1,如果繼承了Countable會返回所實現的count方法所返回的數字,看看下面的例子:
class CountMe { protected $_myCount = 3; public function count() { return $this->_myCount; } } $countable = new CountMe(); echo count($countable); //返回1 class CountMe implements Countable { protected $_myCount = 3; public function count() { return $this->_myCount; } } $countable = new CountMe(); echo count($countable); //返回3 ArrayAccess接口 ArrayAccess { abstract public boolean offsetExists(mixed $offset) abstract public mixed offsetGet(mixed $offset) public void offsetSet(mixed $offset, mixed $value) public void offsetUnset(mixed $offset) } class CountMe { protected $_myCount = 3; public function count() { return $this->_myCount; } } $countable = new CountMe(); echo count($countable); //返回1 class CountMe implements Countable { protected $_myCount = 3; public function count() { return $this->_myCount; } } $countable = new CountMe(); echo count($countable); //返回3
ArrayAccess接口
復制代碼 代碼如下:
ArrayAccess {
abstract public boolean offsetExists(mixed $offset)
abstract public mixed offsetGet(mixed $offset)
public void offsetSet(mixed $offset, mixed $value)
public void offsetUnset(mixed $offset)
}
這個接口的作用是讓我們可以像訪問數組一樣訪問對象,這個怎麼說好呢,我猜其實就是php在詞法分析的時候如果碰到了數組的方式使用對象,就回去對象中查找是否有實現ArrayAccess如果有的話,進行對應的操作(set、unset、isset、get),這樣我們就可以在類裡面放置一個array,讓類實現數組方式的基本操作,下面看個例子:
class myObj { } $obj = new myObj; $obj['name']; //Fatal error: Cannot use object of type myObj as array in class myObj implements ArrayAccess { public function offsetSet($offset, $value) { echo "offsetSet : {$offset} => {$value}\n"; } public function offsetExists($offset) { echo "offsetExists : {$offset}\n"; } public function offsetUnset($offset) { echo "offsetUnset : {$offset}\n"; } public function offsetGet($offset) { echo "offsetGet : {$offset}\n"; } } $obj = new myObj; $obj[1] = '燕睿濤'; isset($obj['name']); unset($obj['name']); $obj['yrt']; //輸出結果: offsetSet : 1 => 燕睿濤 offsetExists : name offsetUnset : name offsetGet : yrt class myObj implements ArrayAccess { private $_data = []; public function offsetSet($offset, $value) { $this->_data[$offset] = $value; } public function offsetExists($offset) { return isset($this->_data[$offset]); } public function offsetUnset($offset) { unset($this->_data[$offset]); } public function offsetGet($offset) { return $this->_data[$offset]; } } $obj = new myObj; $obj['yrt'] = '燕睿濤'; var_dump($obj['yrt']); var_dump(isset($obj['yrt'])); unset($obj['yrt']); var_dump(isset($obj['yrt'])); var_dump($obj['yrt']); //輸出: string(9) "燕睿濤" bool(true) bool(false) Notice: Undefined index: yrt //最後一個會報出Notice
上面的對象只能是基本的數組操作,連遍歷都不行,結合之前的IteratorAggregate可以進行foreach:
class myObj implements ArrayAccess, IteratorAggregate { private $_data = []; public function getIterator() { return new ArrayIterator($this->_data); } ...... } $obj = new myObj; $obj['yrt'] = '燕睿濤'; $obj[1] = '燕睿濤'; $obj['name'] = '燕睿濤'; $obj['age'] = 23; foreach ($obj as $key => $value) { echo "{$key} => {$value}\n"; } //輸出: yrt => 燕睿濤 1 => 燕睿濤 name => 燕睿濤 age => 23
Iterator接口:
復制代碼 代碼如下:
Iterator extends Traversable {
abstract public mixed current(void)
abstract public scalar key(void)
abstract public void next(void)
abstract public void rewind(void)
abstract public boolean valid(void)
}
可在內部迭代自己的外部迭代器或類的接口,這是官方文檔給出的解釋,看著還是不好理解,其實我感覺這個接口實現的功能和trratorAggregate(文檔:創建外部迭代器接口,接口直接返回一個迭代器)類似,不過這個在類的定義裡面自己實現了,看個例子:
class myObj implements Iterator{ private $_data = []; public function __construct(Array $arr) { $this->_data = $arr; } public function current() { return current($this->_data); } public function key() { return key($this->_data); } public function next() { next($this->_data); } public function rewind() { reset($this->_data); } public function valid() { return $this->key() !== NULL; } } $t = [ 'yrt' => '燕睿濤', 'name' => '燕睿濤', false, '燕睿濤' ]; $obj = new myObj($t); foreach ($obj as $key => $value) { echo "{$key} => ".var_export($value, true)."\n"; } //輸出: yrt => '燕睿濤' name => '燕睿濤' 0 => false 1 => '燕睿濤'
上面這個參考了鳥哥的一篇文章關於一筆試題(Iterator模式),不過鳥哥的那個判斷valid有點瑕疵,當碰到值北來就是false的時候就會截斷
總結
說了這麼多好像還是沒有體會到他們的用處,建議看看Yii2的源碼,源碼裡面大量使用了這些東西,看了之後,你會慢慢覺得“哦~好像還真是挺有用的。。。。”
以上就是本文全部介紹,希望大家喜歡。