前言
讀過一篇關於Zend Framework2的技術文章《ZF2多級樹形路由Route配置實例》,是介紹路由配置的。我覺得很有意思,這是的需求:
/user對應用戶列表頁面
/user/:user_id對應用戶的個人主頁,比如 /user/AlloVince 就對應AlloVince用戶的個人主頁
/user/:user_id/blog/對應用戶的博客列表頁面,比如 /user/AlloVince/blog 就會列出AlloVince寫過的Blog
/user/:user_id/blog/:blog_id對應用戶的一篇博客文章
方案引用自原文:
'router' => array( 'routes' => array( 'user' => array( 'type' => 'Segment', 'options' => array( 'route' => '/user[/]', 'defaults' => array( 'controller' => 'UserController', 'action' => 'index', ), ), 'may_terminate' => true, 'child_routes' => array( 'profile' => array( 'type' => 'Segment', 'options' => array( 'route' => '[:id][/]', 'constraints' => array( 'id' => '[a-zA-Z0-9_-]+' ), 'defaults' => array( 'action' => 'get' ), ), 'may_terminate' => true, 'child_routes' => array( 'blog' => array( 'type' => 'Segment', 'options' => array( 'route' => 'blog[/]', 'constraints' => array( ), 'defaults' => array( 'action' => 'blog' ) ), 'may_terminate' => true, 'child_routes' => array( 'post' => array( 'type' => 'Segment', 'options' => array( 'route' => '[:post_id][/]', 'constraints' => array( 'post_id' => '[a-zA-Z0-9_-]+' ), 'defaults' => array( 'action' => 'post' ) ), 'may_terminate' => true, ), ), ), ), //profile child_routes end ), //profile end ), //user child_routes end ), //user end ), ),
看了這篇文章後,我打算使用我用過的PHP框架來實現這個路由需求。
ThinkPHP
新建一個ThinkPHP項目:
復制代碼 代碼如下:
composer create-project topthink/thinkphp tp --prefer-dist
命令行顯示我安裝的是3.2.2
Installing topthink/thinkphp (3.2.2)
我看ThinkPHP官網最新穩定版本是3.2.3。
我特意去packagist官網查了一下,庫中穩定版確實是3.2.2。
我得使用3.2.3。為什麼我特別糾結這一點哩?因為:
3.2的路由功能是針對模塊設置的,所以URL中的模塊名不能被路由,路由定義也通常是放在模塊配置文件中。 3.2.3版本開始增加全局路由定義支持,可以在項目的公共配置文件中定義路由。
也就是說,路由重寫的部分是Controller和Action部分,Moudle還是存在。
我希望的是/user,而不是home/user。(ThinkPHP中默認Module是Home,'DEFAULT_MODULE' => 'Home',可以修改)
當然,這個問題也可以修改.htaccess文件的解決。但是,我還是決定安裝3.2.3。
在ThinkPHP官網下載最新的包,解壓。
使用浏覽器訪問一下項目的入口文件,讓ThinkPHP自動生成了一個默認的應用模塊Home。
修改公共配置文件tp\Application\Common\Conf\config.php:
<?php return array( // 開啟路由 'URL_ROUTER_ON' => true, // URL訪問模式,可選參數0、1、2、3,代表以下四種模式: // 0 (普通模式); 1 (PATHINFO 模式); 2 (REWRITE 模式); 3 (兼容模式) 默認為PATHINFO 模式 'URL_MODEL' => 2, // URL偽靜態後綴設置,為空表示可以支持所有的靜態後綴 // 使用U函數生成URL時會不帶後綴 'URL_HTML_SUFFIX' => '', // URL變量綁定到Action方法參數,默認為true 'URL_PARAMS_BIND' => true, // URL變量綁定的類型 0 按變量名綁定 1 按變量順序綁定,默認為0 'URL_PARAMS_BIND_TYPE' => 0, // 路由配置 'URL_ROUTE_RULES' => array( '/^url$/' => 'Home/User/url', '/^user$/' => 'Home/User/index', '/^user\/([a-zA-Z0-9_-]+)$/' => 'Home/User/show?name=:1', '/^user\/([a-zA-Z0-9_-]+)\/blog$/' => 'Home/Blog/index?name=:1', '/^user\/([a-zA-Z0-9_-]+)\/blog\/([0-9]+)$/' => 'Home/Blog/show?name=:1&blog_id=:2', ), ); ?>
創建文件tp\Application\Home\Controller\UserController.class.php:
<?php namespace Home\Controller; use Think\Controller; class UserController extends Controller { public function url() { $name = 'jing'; $blogId = 1; $urls = array( U('/user'), U("/user/{$name}"), U("/user/{$name}/blog"), U("/user/{$name}/blog/{$blogId}"), ); foreach ($urls as $url) { echo "<a href=\"{$url}\">{$url}<a/><br />\n"; } } public function index() { echo '我是用戶列表^_^'; } public function show($name) { echo "歡迎你,{$name}"; } } ?>
創建文件tp\Application\Home\Controller\BlogController.class.php:
<?php namespace Home\Controller; use Think\Controller; class BlogController extends Controller { public function index($name) { echo "這是{$name}的博客列表"; } public function show($blog_id, $name) { echo "{$name}的這篇博客的id為{$blog_id}"; } } ?>
訪問:http://127.0.0.1/tp/url
輸出:
復制代碼 代碼如下:
<a href="/tp/user">/tp/user<a/><br />
<a href="/tp/user/jing">/tp/user/jing<a/><br />
<a href="/tp/user/jing/blog">/tp/user/jing/blog<a/><br />
<a href="/tp/user/jing/blog/1">/tp/user/jing/blog/1<a/><br />
訪問上面4個鏈接,依次返回:
我是用戶列表^_^
歡迎你,jing
這是jing的博客列表
jing的這篇博客的id為1
下面其他框架,也同樣輸出以上內容。
Zend Framework 2
使用ZF2骨架程序創建一個ZF2項目:
composer create-project --stability="dev" zendframework/skeleton-application zf2
修改默認模塊Application的配置文件zf2\module\Application\config\module.config.php:
<?php /** * Zend Framework (http://framework.zend.com/) * * @link http://github.com/zendframework/ZendSkeletonApplication for the canonical source repository * @copyright Copyright (c) 2005-2015 Zend Technologies USA Inc. (http://www.zend.com) * @license http://framework.zend.com/license/new-bsd New BSD License */ return array( 'router' => array( 'routes' => array( 'home' => array( 'type' => 'Zend\Mvc\Router\Http\Literal', 'options' => array( 'route' => '/url', 'defaults' => array( 'controller' => 'Application\Controller\User', 'action' => 'url', ), ), ), // The following is a route to simplify getting started creating // new controllers and actions without needing to create a new // module. Simply drop new controllers in, and you can access them // using the path /application/:controller/:action 'application' => array( 'type' => 'Literal', 'options' => array( 'route' => '/application', 'defaults' => array( '__NAMESPACE__' => 'Application\Controller', 'controller' => 'Index', 'action' => 'index', ), ), 'may_terminate' => true, 'child_routes' => array( 'default' => array( 'type' => 'Segment', 'options' => array( 'route' => '/[:controller[/:action]]', 'constraints' => array( 'controller' => '[a-zA-Z][a-zA-Z0-9_-]*', 'action' => '[a-zA-Z][a-zA-Z0-9_-]*', ), 'defaults' => array( ), ), ), ), ), 'user_list' => array( 'type' => 'Segment', 'options' => array( 'route' => '/user[/]', 'defaults' => array( '__NAMESPACE__' => 'Application\Controller', 'controller' => 'User', 'action' => 'index', ), ), 'may_terminate' => true, 'child_routes' => array( 'user' => array( 'type' => 'Segment', 'options' => array( 'route' => '[:name][/]', 'constraints' => array( 'name' => '[a-zA-Z0-9_-]+', ), 'defaults' => array( 'action' => 'show', ), ), 'may_terminate' => true, 'child_routes' => array( 'blog_list' => array( 'type' => 'Segment', 'options' => array( 'route' => 'blog[/]', 'constraints' => array( ), 'defaults' => array( 'controller' => 'Blog', 'action' => 'index', ) ), 'may_terminate' => true, 'child_routes' => array( 'blog' => array( 'type' => 'Segment', 'options' => array( 'route' => '[:blog_id]', 'constraints' => array( 'blog_id' => '[0-9]+', ), 'defaults' => array( 'action' => 'show', ) ), 'may_terminate' => true, ), ), ), ), ), ), ), ), ), 'service_manager' => array( 'abstract_factories' => array( 'Zend\Cache\Service\StorageCacheAbstractServiceFactory', 'Zend\Log\LoggerAbstractServiceFactory', ), 'aliases' => array( 'translator' => 'MvcTranslator', ), ), 'translator' => array( 'locale' => 'en_US', 'translation_file_patterns' => array( array( 'type' => 'gettext', 'base_dir' => __DIR__ . '/../language', 'pattern' => '%s.mo', ), ), ), 'controllers' => array( 'invokables' => array( 'Application\Controller\Index' => 'Application\Controller\IndexController', 'Application\Controller\User' => 'Application\Controller\UserController', 'Application\Controller\Blog' => 'Application\Controller\BlogController', ), ), 'view_manager' => array( 'display_not_found_reason' => true, 'display_exceptions' => true, 'doctype' => 'HTML5', 'not_found_template' => 'error/404', 'exception_template' => 'error/index', 'template_map' => array( 'layout/layout' => __DIR__ . '/../view/layout/layout.phtml', 'application/index/index' => __DIR__ . '/../view/application/index/index.phtml', 'error/404' => __DIR__ . '/../view/error/404.phtml', 'error/index' => __DIR__ . '/../view/error/index.phtml', ), 'template_path_stack' => array( __DIR__ . '/../view', ), ), // Placeholder for console routes 'console' => array( 'router' => array( 'routes' => array( ), ), ), ); ?>
這個文件是骨架程序中自帶的,我只是修改了router部分和controllers部分。要我寫這麼長的文件,那就太為難我了。這也是ZF官方發布了一個骨架程序的原因。
創建文件zf2\module\Application\src\Application\Controller\UserController.php:
<?php namespace Application\Controller; use Zend\Mvc\Controller\AbstractActionController; use Zend\View\Model\ViewModel; class UserController extends AbstractActionController { public function urlAction() { $name = 'jing'; $blogId = 1; $urls = array( $this->url()->fromRoute('user_list'), $this->url()->fromRoute('user_list/user', array('name' => $name)), $this->url()->fromRoute('user_list/user/blog_list', array('name' => $name)), $this->url()->fromRoute('user_list/user/blog_list/blog', array('name' => $name, 'blog_id' => $blogId)), ); $view = new ViewModel(compact('urls')); $view->setTerminal(true); return $view; } public function indexAction() { $view = new ViewModel(); // 禁用布局模板 $view->setTerminal(true); return $view; } public function showAction() { $username = $this->params()->fromRoute('name'); $view = new ViewModel(compact('username')); $view->setTerminal(true); return $view; } } ?>
創建文件zf2\module\Application\src\Application\Controller\BlogController.php:
<?php namespace Application\Controller; use Zend\Mvc\Controller\AbstractActionController; use Zend\View\Model\ViewModel; class BlogController extends AbstractActionController { public function indexAction() { $username = $this->params()->fromRoute('name'); $view = new ViewModel(compact('username')); $view->setTerminal(true); return $view; } public function showAction() { $username = $this->params()->fromRoute('name'); $blogId = $this->params()->fromRoute('blog_id'); $view = new ViewModel(compact('username', 'blogId')); $view->setTerminal(true); return $view; } } ?>
zf2不支持Action參數綁定,ThinkPHP不僅支持綁定,還支持2種綁定方式:按變量名綁定和按變量順序綁定。
zf2中Action必須得返回視圖,除非exit()。如果你知道可以禁用視圖的辦法,請告訴我。
創建文件zf2\module\Application\view\application\user\url.phtml:
<?php foreach ($urls as $url): ?> <a href="<?php echo $url;?>"><?php echo $url;?><a/><br /> <?php endforeach; ?>
創建文件zf2\module\Application\view\application\user\index.phtml:
我是用戶列表^_^
創建文件zf2\module\Application\view\application\user\show.phtml:
歡迎你,<?php echo $username; ?>
創建文件zf2\module\Application\view\application\blog\index.phtml:
這是<?php echo $username; ?>的博客列表
創建文件zf2\module\Application\view\application\blog\show.phtml:
復制代碼 代碼如下:
<?php echo $username; ?>的這篇博客的id為<?php echo $blogId; ?>
Yaf
安裝Yaf
使用代碼生成工具創建Yaf項目
修改啟動文件yaf\application\Bootstrap.php,修改其中的_initRoute方法:
$router = Yaf_Dispatcher::getInstance()->getRouter(); $route0 = new Yaf_Route_Rewrite('url', array( 'controller' => 'User', 'action' => 'url', ), array() ); $route1 = new Yaf_Route_Rewrite('user', array( 'controller' => 'User', 'action' => 'index', ), array() ); $route2 = new Yaf_Route_Regex('#user/([a-zA-Z0-9_-]+)#', array( 'controller' => 'User', 'action' => 'show', ), array(1 => 'name',) ); $route3 = new Yaf_Route_Regex('#user/([a-zA-Z0-9_-]+)/blog#', array( 'controller' => 'Blog', 'action' => 'index', ), array(1 => 'name',) ); $route4 = new Yaf_Route_Regex('#user/([a-zA-Z0-9_-]+)/blog/([0-9]+)#', array( 'controller' => 'Blog', 'action' => 'show', ), array(1 => 'name', 2 => 'blogId',) ); $router->addRoute('url', $route0); $router->addRoute('user_list', $route1); $router->addRoute('user', $route2); $router->addRoute("blog_list", $route3); $router->addRoute("blog", $route4);
Yaf有路由功能,但是沒有根據路由名生成URL的方法。所以我定義了一個項目名,用於拼接URL。
在配置文件中添加配置項yaf\conf\application.ini:
復制代碼 代碼如下:
project.name = 'yaf'
創建文件yaf\application\controllers\User.php:
<?php class UserController extends Yaf_Controller_Abstract { public function urlAction() { $name = 'jing'; $blogId = 1; $app = Yaf_Application::app(); $projectName = $app->getConfig()->project->name; $urls = array( "/{$projectName}/user", "/{$projectName}/user/{$name}", "/{$projectName}/user/{$name}/blog", "/{$projectName}/user/{$name}/blog/{$blogId}", ); foreach ($urls as $url) { echo "<a href=\"{$url}\">{$url}<a/><br />\n"; } return false; } public function indexAction() { echo '我是用戶列表^_^'; // 禁用視圖模板 return false; } public function showAction($name) { echo "歡迎你,{$name}"; return false; } }
創建文件yaf\application\controllers\Blog.php:
復制代碼 代碼如下:
<?php
class BlogController extends Yaf_Controller_Abstract {
public function indexAction($name) {
echo "這是{$name}的博客列表";
return false;
}
public function showAction($blogId, $name) {
echo "{$name}的這篇博客的id為{$blogId}";
return false;
}
}
Yaf的Action支持參數綁定,是按變量名綁定的。$name、$blogId要和路由中配置的名稱一樣,而和參數順序無關。
Laravel
新建Laravel項目:
復制代碼 代碼如下:
composer create-project laravel/laravel --prefer-dist
清除合並文件。在目錄laravel\vendor\下有個文件compiled.php,這個文件是為了減少IO提高框架性能,將很多類文件合並到一個文件中而生存的。在開發環境下,應該刪除該文件,否則修改了一些文件發現沒有效果,其實是因為文件已經合並緩存了。
清除命令:
復制代碼 代碼如下:
php artisan clear-compiled
在生產環境中應該開啟,以提升性能:
復制代碼 代碼如下:
php artisan optimize --force
修改路由文件laravel\app\Http\routes.php:
復制代碼 代碼如下:
<?php
Route::get('/url', array('uses' => 'UserController@getUrl'));
Route::get('/user', array('uses' => 'UserController@getIndex'));
Route::get('/user/{username}', array('uses' => 'UserController@getShow'));
Route::get('/user/{username}/blog', array(
'as' => 'blog_list',
'uses' => 'BlogController@getIndex',
));
Route::get('/user/{username}/blog/{blogId}', array(
'as' => 'blog',
'uses' => 'BlogController@getShow',
))->where(array('blogId' => '[0-9]+'));
查看路由定義情況:
復制代碼 代碼如下:
php artisan route:list
輸出:
復制代碼 代碼如下:
+--------+----------+-------------------------------+-----------+----------------------------------------------+------------+
| Domain | Method | URI | Name | Action | Middleware |
+--------+----------+-------------------------------+-----------+----------------------------------------------+------------+
| | GET|HEAD | url | | App\Http\Controllers\UserController@getUrl | |
| | GET|HEAD | user | | App\Http\Controllers\UserController@getIndex | |
| | GET|HEAD | user/{username} | | App\Http\Controllers\UserController@getShow | |
| | GET|HEAD | user/{username}/blog | blog_list | App\Http\Controllers\BlogController@getIndex | |
| | GET|HEAD | user/{username}/blog/{blogId} | blog | App\Http\Controllers\BlogController@getShow | |
+--------+----------+-------------------------------+-----------+----------------------------------------------+------------+
定義路由變量全局模式,修改文件laravel\app\Providers\RouteServiceProvider.php中的boot方法:
復制代碼 代碼如下:
public function boot(Router $router) {
$router->pattern('username', '[a-zA-Z0-9_-]+');
parent::boot($router);
}
創建UserController控制器:
復制代碼 代碼如下:
php artisan make:controller UserController
Laravel幫我們在laravel\app\Http\Controllers目錄下創建了文件UserController.php,文件中已經為我們寫好一部分骨架代碼。修改文件laravel\app\Http\Controllers\UserController.php:
復制代碼 代碼如下:
<?php
namespace App\Http\Controllers;
use App\Http\Controllers\Controller;
class UserController extends Controller {
public function getUrl() {
$name = 'jing';
$blogId = 1;
$urls = array(
url('/user'),
action('UserController@getShow', array($name)),
route('blog_list', array($name)),
route('blog', array($name, $blogId)),
);
foreach ($urls as $url) {
echo "<a href=\"{$url}\">{$url}<a/><br />\n";
}
}
public function getIndex() {
echo '我是用戶列表^_^';
}
public function getShow($name) {
echo "歡迎你,{$name}";
}
}
創建BlogController控制器:
復制代碼 代碼如下:
php artisan make:controller BlogController
修改文件laravel\app\Http\Controllers\BlogController.php:
復制代碼 代碼如下:
<?php
namespace App\Http\Controllers;
use App\Http\Controllers\Controller;
class BlogController extends Controller {
public function getIndex($name) {
echo "這是{$name}的博客列表";
}
public function getShow($name, $blogId) {
echo "{$name}的這篇博客的id為{$blogId}";
}
}
Laravel的Action也支持參數綁定,是按變量順序綁定的,和變量名無關。
後語
我是Laravel粉,但是我也沒有想黑其他框架的意思,大家有興趣也可以用自己熟悉的框架來實現這個小例子,寫了記得@我,語言不限。
以上所述就是本文的全部內容了,希望大家能夠喜歡。
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