1. __construct()和__destruct()
在實例被 創建/銷毀 的時候被調用,都可以傳遞0個或多個參數。
class A { function A() { echo "build A"; } function __destruct() { echo "destroy A"; } } $obj = new A(); //unset($obj);
Note:The destructor method will be called as soon as there are no other references to a particular object, or in any order during the shutdown sequence.
關於構造函數,PHP5.3.3開始,一個定義在某個特定的命名空間裡的class中以類名命名的方法將不再被認為是構造函數。在無命名空間的類中與原來一樣依舊是構造函數。如:
namespace Foo; class Bar { public function Bar() { // treated as constructor in PHP 5.3.0-5.3.2 // treated as regular method as of PHP 5.3.3 } }
如果沒有namespace Foo; 那麼Bar()還將被當作構造函數。另外,如果存在下面的情況:
function __construct() { echo "construct A"; } function A() { echo "build A"; } function __destruct() { echo "destroy A"; } }
即既包含__construct()又包含與類名同名的函數,那麼將只調用__construct()。
2. __call()和__callStatic()
當嘗試調用一個不存在的方法時調用該方法。兩個參數,一個是方法名,一個是被調用方法的參數數組。
class MethodTest { public function __call($name, $arguments) { // Note: value of $name is case sensitive. echo "Calling object method '$name' " . implode(' ', $arguments). "<br>"; } public static function __callStatic($name, $arguments) { // Note: value of $name is case sensitive. echo "Calling static method '$name' " . implode(' ', $arguments). "<br>"; } } $obj = new MethodTest; $obj->runTest('in','object','context'); MethodTest::runTest('in','static','context');
其中,$arguments作為一個array傳入。運行結果:
Calling object method 'runTest' in object context
Calling static method 'runTest' in static context
還要注意函數的作用域protected和private:
class TestMagicCallMethod { public function foo() { echo __METHOD__.PHP_EOL."<br>"; } public function __call($method, $args) { echo __METHOD__.PHP_EOL."<br>"; if(method_exists($this, $method)) { $this->$method(); } } protected function bar() { echo __METHOD__.PHP_EOL."<br>"; } private function baz() { echo __METHOD__.PHP_EOL."<br>"; } } $test = new TestMagicCallMethod(); $test->foo(); /** * Outputs: * TestMagicCallMethod::foo */ $test->bar(); /** * Outputs: * TestMagicCallMethod::__call * TestMagicCallMethod::bar */ $test->baz(); /** * Outputs: * TestMagicCallMethod::__call * TestMagicCallMethod::baz */
3.__get()和__set()
當試圖讀取一個對象並不存在的屬性的時候被調用。
Note:我們可以用這個函數實現類似java中反射的各種操作。
class Test { public function __get($key) { echo $key . " not exists"; } public function __set($key,$value) { echo $key . " = ".$value; } } $t = new Test(); echo $t->name."<br>"; $t->name = "abc";
輸出:
name not exists
name = abc
4. __toString()
這個方法類似於java的toString()方法,當我們直接打印對象的時候回調用這個函數,函數必須返回一個string。
class Test { private $name = "abc"; private $age = 12; public function __toString() { return "name : $this->name, age : $this->age"; } } $t = new Test(); echo $t;
輸出:
name : abc, age : 12