原本使用操作系統的快照進行備份還原,備份成功後,還原沒有成功(參考:Backup and Restore with Filesystem Snapshots)
所以這個方法就先不記錄到這裡了。
當前測試以下?種備份還原方法(個人初學理解):
1. 使用拷貝和替換數據庫文件進行備份還原
2. 使用mongodump和mongorestore
3. 使用mongoimport 和 mongoexport
1. 使用拷貝和替換數據庫文件進行備份還原(有些危險又不好)
1.1 備份
a. 在mongodb中執行db.fsyncLock(),刷新數據寫入磁盤並鎖住整個實例:
>db.fsyncLock()b. 打包壓縮整個數據庫目錄(也可以打包部分數據庫),作為備份:
[root@localhost ~]# tar -cvzf /root/mongodb_20150505.tar.gz /var/lib/mongoc. 在mongodb中執行db.fsyncUnlock()解鎖,備份步驟完成!~
>db.fsyncUnlock()
1.1 還原
a. 在mongodb中關閉服務(或者在操作系統層面關閉mongod服務):
>use admin >db.shutdownServer()
b. 將mongo數據文件刪除!注意確認備份存在且正常!~否則回天無力!
[root@localhost ~]# rm -rf /var/lib/mongo/*c. 解壓備份的文件到根目錄下,相當於還原:
[root@localhost ~]# tar -xvzf /root/mongodb_20150505.tar.gz -C /d. 如果啟動不了服務,先刪除文件mongod.lock:
[root@localhost ~]# rm -f /var/lib/mongo/mongod.locke. 啟動服務,正常訪問。
[root@localhost ~]# service mongod start
a. 簡單備份還原本地數據庫的的方法,備份所有及還原所有:
mongodump mongorestore /root/dump
備份完成後在當前目錄將生成一個文件夾”dump“:
b. 還原單個數據庫時,指定要還原的數據庫及其備份目錄:
mongorestore --db test /root/dump/test還可以指定輸出路徑,使用計算機名:
mongodump --host localhost.localdomain --port 27017 --out /root/mongodump-2015-05-05 mongorestore --port 27017 --db test /root/mongodump-2015-05-05/test遠程備份時指定用戶名密碼(這個沒嘗試,參考官方例子):
mongodump --host mongodb1.example.net --port 3017 --username user --password pass --out /opt/backup/mongodump-2013-10-24 mongorestore --host mongodb1.example.net --port 3017 --username user --password pass /opt/backup/mongodump-2013-10-24
# mongorestore --help general options: --help print usage --version print the tool version and exit verbosity options: -v, --verbose more detailed log output (include multiple times for more verbosity, e.g. -vvvvv) --quiet hide all log output connection options: -h, --host= mongodb host to connect to (setname/host1,host2 for replica sets) --port= server port (can also use --host hostname:port) ssl options: --ssl connect to a mongod or mongos that has ssl enabled --sslCAFile= the .pem file containing the root certificate chain from the certificate authority --sslPEMKeyFile= the .pem file containing the certificate and key --sslPEMKeyPassword= the password to decrypt the sslPEMKeyFile, if necessary --sslCRLFile= the .pem file containing the certificate revocation list --sslAllowInvalidCertificates bypass the validation for server certificates --sslAllowInvalidHostnames bypass the validation for server name --sslFIPSMode use FIPS mode of the installed openssl library authentication options: -u, --username= username for authentication -p, --password= password for authentication --authenticationDatabase= database that holds the user's credentials --authenticationMechanism= authentication mechanism to use namespace options: -d, --db= database to use -c, --collection= collection to use input options: --objcheck validate all objects before inserting --oplogReplay replay oplog for point-in-time restore --oplogLimit= only include oplog entries before the provided Timestamp(seconds[:ordinal]) --restoreDbUsersAndRoles restore user and role definitions for the given database --dir= input directory, use '-' for stdin restore options: --drop drop each collection before import --writeConcern= write concern options e.g. --writeConcern majority, --writeConcern '{w: 3, wtimeout: 500, fsync: true, j:true}' (defaults to 'majority') --noIndexRestore don't restore indexes --noOptionsRestore don't restore collection options --keepIndexVersion don't update index version --maintainInsertionOrder preserve order of documents during restoration -j, --numParallelCollections= number of collections to restore in parallel (4 by default) --numInsertionWorkersPerCollection= number of insert operations to run concurrently per collection (1 by default) --stopOnError stop restoring if an error is encountered on insert (off bydefault)
3. 使用mongoimport 和 mongoexport
3.1 mongoexport導出
--type: 為json 或 csv --fields: 選擇導出的列 #導出列{_id,id,size}為csv的格式 mongoexport --db test --collection tab --type=csv --fields _id,id,size --out /root/test_tab.csv #導出json格式 mongoexport --db test --collection tab --type=json --out /root/test_tab.json #輸出到shell中,查詢id=2 並按name升序輸出 mongoexport --db test --collection tab --query '{"id": 2}' --sort '{"name": 1}' #查詢導出 mongoexport --db test --collection tab --type=csv --query '{"id": 2}' --fields _id,id --out /root/test_tab.csv #簡寫選項[--db]和[--collection],使用跳過和限制函數輸出 mongoexport -d test -c tab --sort '{"name": -1}' --limit 2 --skip 2 --out /root/test_tab.json #若是遠程,需要添加參數:host,port,username,password --host servername_or_ip --port 37017 --username user --password pass
查看幫助:mongoexport --help
general options: --help print usage --version print the tool version and exit verbosity options: -v, --verbose more detailed log output (include multiple times for more verbosity, e.g. -vvvvv) --quiet hide all log output connection options: -h, --host= mongodb host to connect to (setname/host1,host2 for replica sets) --port= server port (can also use --host hostname:port) ssl options: --ssl connect to a mongod or mongos that has ssl enabled --sslCAFile= the .pem file containing the root certificate chain from the certificate authority --sslPEMKeyFile= the .pem file containing the certificate and key --sslPEMKeyPassword= the password to decrypt the sslPEMKeyFile, if necessary --sslCRLFile= the .pem file containing the certificate revocation list --sslAllowInvalidCertificates bypass the validation for server certificates --sslAllowInvalidHostnames bypass the validation for server name --sslFIPSMode use FIPS mode of the installed openssl library authentication options: -u, --username= username for authentication -p, --password= password for authentication --authenticationDatabase= database that holds the user's credentials --authenticationMechanism= authentication mechanism to use namespace options: -d, --db= database to use -c, --collection= collection to use output options: -f, --fields= comma separated list of field names (required for exporting CSV) e.g. -f "name,age" --fieldFile= file with field names - 1 per line --type= the output format, either json or csv (defaults to 'json') -o, --out= output file; if not specified, stdout is used --jsonArray output to a JSON array rather than one object per line --pretty output JSON formatted to be human-readable querying options: -q, --query= query filter, as a JSON string, e.g., '{x:{$gt:1}}' -k, --slaveOk allow secondary reads if available (default true) --forceTableScan force a table scan (do not use $snapshot) --skip= number of documents to skip --limit= limit the number of documents to export --sort= sort order, as a JSON string, e.g. '{x:1}'
#列"_id"也會導入,注意重復鍵 mongoimport --db mydb --collection tab --file /root/test_tab.json mongoimport --db mydb --collection tab --type csv --headerline --file /root/test_tab.csv #若是遠程,需要添加參數:host,port,username,password --host servername_or_ip --port 37017 --username user --password pass
general options: --help print usage --version print the tool version and exit verbosity options: -v, --verbose more detailed log output (include multiple times for more verbosity, e.g. -vvvvv) --quiet hide all log output connection options: -h, --host= mongodb host to connect to (setname/host1,host2 for replica sets) --port= server port (can also use --host hostname:port) ssl options: --ssl connect to a mongod or mongos that has ssl enabled --sslCAFile= the .pem file containing the root certificate chain from the certificate authority --sslPEMKeyFile= the .pem file containing the certificate and key --sslPEMKeyPassword= the password to decrypt the sslPEMKeyFile, if necessary --sslCRLFile= the .pem file containing the certificate revocation list --sslAllowInvalidCertificates bypass the validation for server certificates --sslAllowInvalidHostnames bypass the validation for server name --sslFIPSMode use FIPS mode of the installed openssl library authentication options: -u, --username= username for authentication -p, --password= password for authentication --authenticationDatabase= database that holds the user's credentials --authenticationMechanism= authentication mechanism to use namespace options: -d, --db= database to use -c, --collection= collection to use input options: -f, --fields= comma separated list of field names, e.g. -f name,age --fieldFile= file with field names - 1 per line --file= file to import from; if not specified, stdin is used --headerline use first line in input source as the field list (CSV and TSV only) --jsonArray treat input source as a JSON array --type= input format to import: json, csv, or tsv (defaults to 'json') ingest options: --drop drop collection before inserting documents --ignoreBlanks ignore fields with empty values in CSV and TSV --maintainInsertionOrder insert documents in the order of their appearance in the input source -j, --numInsertionWorkers= number of insert operations to run concurrently (defaults to 1) --stopOnError stop importing at first insert/upsert error --upsert insert or update objects that already exist --upsertFields= comma-separated fields for the query part of the upsert --writeConcern= write concern options e.g. --writeConcern majority, --writeConcern '{w: 3, wtimeout: 500, fsync: true, j: true}' (defaults to 'majority')
由於沒有做復制,復制中的備份到時再測試記錄吧!~