數據庫備份和數據恢復的重要性,我想大家都知道,這裡就舉例說明如何操作數據備份,數據恢復的實例:
創建測試數據
創建db:testdb,collection:user,插入10條記錄
mongo MongoDB shell version: 3.0.2 connecting to: test > use testdb switched to db testdb > db.user.insert({id:1,name:"用戶1"}); WriteResult({ "nInserted" : 1 }) > db.user.insert({id:2,name:"用戶2"}); WriteResult({ "nInserted" : 1 }) > db.user.insert({id:3,name:"用戶3"}); WriteResult({ "nInserted" : 1 }) > db.user.insert({id:4,name:"用戶4"}); WriteResult({ "nInserted" : 1 }) > db.user.insert({id:5,name:"用戶5"}); WriteResult({ "nInserted" : 1 }) > db.user.insert({id:6,name:"用戶6"}); WriteResult({ "nInserted" : 1 }) > db.user.insert({id:7,name:"用戶7"}); WriteResult({ "nInserted" : 1 }) > db.user.insert({id:8,name:"用戶8"}); WriteResult({ "nInserted" : 1 }) > db.user.insert({id:9,name:"用戶9"}); WriteResult({ "nInserted" : 1 }) > db.user.insert({id:10,name:"用戶10"}); WriteResult({ "nInserted" : 1 }) > > db.user.find(); { "_id" : ObjectId("574d7aae8780832e6c4e27b4"), "id" : 1, "name" : "用戶1" } { "_id" : ObjectId("574d7aaf8780832e6c4e27b5"), "id" : 2, "name" : "用戶2" } { "_id" : ObjectId("574d7aaf8780832e6c4e27b6"), "id" : 3, "name" : "用戶3" } { "_id" : ObjectId("574d7aaf8780832e6c4e27b7"), "id" : 4, "name" : "用戶4" } { "_id" : ObjectId("574d7aaf8780832e6c4e27b8"), "id" : 5, "name" : "用戶5" } { "_id" : ObjectId("574d7aaf8780832e6c4e27b9"), "id" : 6, "name" : "用戶6" } { "_id" : ObjectId("574d7aaf8780832e6c4e27ba"), "id" : 7, "name" : "用戶7" } { "_id" : ObjectId("574d7aaf8780832e6c4e27bb"), "id" : 8, "name" : "用戶8" } { "_id" : ObjectId("574d7aaf8780832e6c4e27bc"), "id" : 9, "name" : "用戶9" } { "_id" : ObjectId("574d7ab08780832e6c4e27bd"), "id" : 10, "name" : "用戶10" }
數據導出 mongoexport
參數說明:
-d 數據庫名
-c collection名
-o 輸出的文件名
--type 輸出的格式,默認為json
-f 輸出的字段,如果--type為csv,則需要加上 -f "字段名"
更多參數說明可參考 mongoexport –help
例子:導出user所有記錄到/tmp/user.json
mongoexport -d testdb -c user -o /tmp/user.json 2016-05-31T20:00:32.257+0800 connected to: localhost 2016-05-31T20:00:32.286+0800 exported 10 records cat /tmp/user.json {"_id":{"$oid":"574d7aae8780832e6c4e27b4"},"id":1,"name":"用戶1"} {"_id":{"$oid":"574d7aaf8780832e6c4e27b5"},"id":2,"name":"用戶2"} {"_id":{"$oid":"574d7aaf8780832e6c4e27b6"},"id":3,"name":"用戶3"} {"_id":{"$oid":"574d7aaf8780832e6c4e27b7"},"id":4,"name":"用戶4"} {"_id":{"$oid":"574d7aaf8780832e6c4e27b8"},"id":5,"name":"用戶5"} {"_id":{"$oid":"574d7aaf8780832e6c4e27b9"},"id":6,"name":"用戶6"} {"_id":{"$oid":"574d7aaf8780832e6c4e27ba"},"id":7,"name":"用戶7"} {"_id":{"$oid":"574d7aaf8780832e6c4e27bb"},"id":8,"name":"用戶8"} {"_id":{"$oid":"574d7aaf8780832e6c4e27bc"},"id":9,"name":"用戶9"} {"_id":{"$oid":"574d7ab08780832e6c4e27bd"},"id":10,"name":"用戶10"}
例子:導出user所有id到/tmp/user.csv
格式為csv但不指定字段會出錯
mongoexport -d testdb -c user --type csv -o /tmp/user.csv 2016-05-31T20:01:05.393+0800 Failed: CSV mode requires a field list mongoexport -d testdb -c user --type csv -f "id" -o /tmp/user.csv 2016-05-31T20:01:46.510+0800 connected to: localhost 2016-05-31T20:01:46.534+0800 exported 10 records cat /tmp/user.csv id 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
數據導入 mongoimport
參數說明:
-d 數據庫名
-c collection名
--type 導入的格式,默認json
-f 導入的字段名
--headerline 如果導入的格式是csv,則可以使用第一行的標題作為導入的字段
--file 要導入的文件
更多參數說明可參考 mongoimport –help
導入前先清空collection user
> db.user.drop(); true > db.user.find(); >
例子:把上例導出的user.json導入
mongoimport -d testdb -c user --file /tmp/user.json 2016-05-31T20:10:22.240+0800 connected to: localhost 2016-05-31T20:10:22.287+0800 imported 10 documents
例子:把上例導出的user.csv導入
mongoimport -d testdb -c user --type csv --headerline --file /tmp/user.csv 2016-05-31T20:11:28.975+0800 connected to: localhost 2016-05-31T20:11:29.003+0800 imported 10 documents
數據備份 mongodump
參數說明:
-d 數據庫名
-c collection名
-o 備份的文件路徑
更多參數說明可參考 mongodump –help
例子:把testdb的user備份到/tmp
mongodump -d testdb -c user -o /tmp 2016-05-31T20:18:25.813+0800 writing testdb.user to /tmp/testdb/user.bson 2016-05-31T20:18:25.818+0800 writing testdb.user metadata to /tmp/testdb/user.metadata.json 2016-05-31T20:18:25.849+0800 done dumping testdb.user
數據恢復 mongorestore
參數說明:
-d 數據庫名
-c collection名
更多參數說明可參考 mongorestore –help
導入前先清空collection user
> db.user.drop(); true > db.user.find(); >
例子:把上例備份的數據恢復
mongorestore -d testdb -c user /tmp/testdb/user.bson 2016-05-31T20:21:23.050+0800 checking for collection data in /tmp/testdb/user.bson 2016-05-31T20:21:23.084+0800 reading metadata file from /tmp/testdb/user.metadata.json 2016-05-31T20:21:23.088+0800 restoring testdb.user from file /tmp/testdb/user.bson 2016-05-31T20:21:23.153+0800 restoring indexes for collection testdb.user from metadata 2016-05-31T20:21:23.156+0800 finished restoring testdb.user 2016-05-31T20:21:23.156+0800 done
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