MongoDB
MongoDB 是一個開源的文檔數據庫,並領先的 NoSQL 數據庫。 MongoDB 是由 c++語言編寫。
文檔
文檔是一組鍵 - 值對。文件動態模式。動態模式是指,在相同集合中的文檔不需要具有相同的字段或結構組的公共字段的集合的文檔,可以容納不同類型的數據。
db.集合名稱.update({query},{update},upsert, multi})
query:過濾條件
update:修改內容
upsert:如果不存在查詢條件查出的記錄,是否插入一條數據,默認是false
multi:是否只修改查詢條件查出的第一條記錄,默認是false
> db.student.update({_id:1}, {name:"zhang"}) WriteResult({ "nMatched" : 1, "nUpserted" : 0, "nModified" : 1 }) > db.student.find() { "_id" : 1, "name" : "zhang" } { "_id" : 2, "name" : "lisi", "age" : 27 } { "_id" : 3, "name" : "wangwu", "age" : 30 } { "_id" : 4, "name" : "zhaoliu", "age" : 28 } { "_id" : 5, "name" : "qianliu", "age" : 33 } { "_id" : 6, "name" : "sunba", "age" : 32 }
把整條數據都修改了,如果修改內容中沒有設置age字段,則以前的age也取消了,數據全部修改
局部修改
$set:如果存在鍵則修改,如果不存在鍵則添加
> db.student.update({_id: 1},{$set:{name:"zhangsan", age: 26}}) WriteResult({ "nMatched" : 1, "nUpserted" : 0, "nModified" : 1 }) > db.student.find() { "_id" : 1, "name" : "zhangsan", "age" : 26 } { "_id" : 2, "name" : "lisi", "age" : 27 } { "_id" : 3, "name" : "wangwu", "age" : 30 } { "_id" : 4, "name" : "zhaoliu", "age" : 28 } { "_id" : 5, "name" : "qianliu", "age" : 33 } { "_id" : 6, "name" : "sunba", "age" : 32 }
id重復時無法修改
> db.student.update({_id:1},{_id:0, name:"zhangsanzhangsan"}) WriteResult({ "nMatched" : 0, "nUpserted" : 0, "nModified" : 0, "writeError" : { "code" : 16837, "errmsg" : "The _id field cannot be changed from {_id: 1.0} to {_id: 0.0}." } }) > db.student.find() { "_id" : 1, "name" : "zhangsan", "age" : 26 } { "_id" : 2, "name" : "lisi", "age" : 27 } { "_id" : 3, "name" : "wangwu", "age" : 30 } { "_id" : 4, "name" : "zhaoliu", "age" : 28 } { "_id" : 5, "name" : "qianliu", "age" : 33 } { "_id" : 6, "name" : "sunba", "age" : 32 }
第三個參數默認為false,如果查不到數據false時不執行任何操作,true時往數據庫裡新插入一條數據
> db.student.update({_id:7},{_id:7, name: "songjiu", age:32}) WriteResult({ "nMatched" : 0, "nUpserted" : 0, "nModified" : 0 }) > db.student.update({_id:7},{_id:7, name: "songjiu"}, true) WriteResult({ "nMatched" : 0, "nUpserted" : 1, "nModified" : 0, "_id" : 7 }) > db.student.find() { "_id" : 1, "name" : "zhangsan", "age" : 26 } { "_id" : 2, "name" : "lisi", "age" : 27 } { "_id" : 3, "name" : "wangwu", "age" : 30 } { "_id" : 4, "name" : "zhaoliu", "age" : 28 } { "_id" : 5, "name" : "qianliu", "age" : 33 } { "_id" : 6, "name" : "sunba", "age" : 32 } { "_id" : 7, "name" : "songjiu", "age" : 32 }
第四個參數默認為false,false時表示只修改查詢到的第一條數據,true時表示修改查詢到的所有數據
> db.student.update({age:32}, {$set:{age:33}}, false, false) WriteResult({ "nMatched" : 1, "nUpserted" : 0, "nModified" : 1 }) > db.student.find() { "_id" : 1, "name" : "zhangsan", "age" : 26 } { "_id" : 2, "name" : "lisi", "age" : 27 } { "_id" : 3, "name" : "wangwu", "age" : 30 } { "_id" : 4, "name" : "zhaoliu", "age" : 28 } { "_id" : 5, "name" : "qianliu", "age" : 33 } { "_id" : 6, "name" : "sunba", "age" : 33 } { "_id" : 7, "name" : "songjiu", "age" : 32 } > db.student.update({age:33}, {$set:{age:32}}, false, true) WriteResult({ "nMatched" : 2, "nUpserted" : 0, "nModified" : 2 }) > db.student.find() { "_id" : 1, "name" : "zhangsan", "age" : 26 } { "_id" : 2, "name" : "lisi", "age" : 27 } { "_id" : 3, "name" : "wangwu", "age" : 30 } { "_id" : 4, "name" : "zhaoliu", "age" : 28 } { "_id" : 5, "name" : "qianliu", "age" : 32 } { "_id" : 6, "name" : "sunba", "age" : 32 } { "_id" : 7, "name" : "songjiu", "age" : 32 } > db.student.update({age:32}, {$set:{age:33}}) WriteResult({ "nMatched" : 1, "nUpserted" : 0, "nModified" : 1 }) > db.student.find() { "_id" : 1, "name" : "zhangsan", "age" : 26 } { "_id" : 2, "name" : "lisi", "age" : 27 } { "_id" : 3, "name" : "wangwu", "age" : 30 } { "_id" : 4, "name" : "zhaoliu", "age" : 28 } { "_id" : 5, "name" : "qianliu", "age" : 33 } { "_id" : 6, "name" : "sunba", "age" : 32 } { "_id" : 7, "name" : "songjiu", "age" : 32 }
$inc:在原來的基礎上加多少
> db.student.update({_id:7}, {$inc:{age:-1}}) WriteResult({ "nMatched" : 1, "nUpserted" : 0, "nModified" : 1 }) > db.student.find() { "_id" : 1, "name" : "zhangsan", "age" : 26 } { "_id" : 2, "name" : "lisi", "age" : 27 } { "_id" : 3, "name" : "wangwu", "age" : 30 } { "_id" : 4, "name" : "zhaoliu", "age" : 28 } { "_id" : 5, "name" : "qianliu", "age" : 33 } { "_id" : 6, "name" : "sunba", "age" : 32 } { "_id" : 7, "name" : "songjiu", "age" : 31 }
$unset:去掉某個鍵
> db.student.update({_id:7},{$unset:{age:1}}) WriteResult({ "nMatched" : 1, "nUpserted" : 0, "nModified" : 1 }) > db.student.find() { "_id" : 1, "name" : "zhangsan", "age" : 26 } { "_id" : 2, "name" : "lisi", "age" : 27 } { "_id" : 3, "name" : "wangwu", "age" : 30 } { "_id" : 4, "name" : "zhaoliu", "age" : 28 } { "_id" : 5, "name" : "qianliu", "age" : 33 } { "_id" : 6, "name" : "sunba", "age" : 32 } { "_id" : 7, "name" : "songjiu" }
針對數組類型的操作
$push:當數據中不存在鍵時,創建數組類型的鍵並插入該值;如果存在該鍵,並且該鍵是數組類型時,則在此數組類型的數據上追加;如果存在該鍵,並且該鍵不是數組類型時,會報錯。
$pushAll:批量往數組中追加
$addToSet:數組中有該值時不追加,沒有該值時追加
> db.student.update({_id: 7},{$push:{skill:"java"}}) WriteResult({ "nMatched" : 1, "nUpserted" : 0, "nModified" : 1 }) > db.student.find() { "_id" : 1, "name" : "zhangsan", "age" : 26 } { "_id" : 2, "name" : "lisi", "age" : 27 } { "_id" : 3, "name" : "wangwu", "age" : 30 } { "_id" : 4, "name" : "zhaoliu", "age" : 28 } { "_id" : 5, "name" : "qianliu", "age" : 33 } { "_id" : 6, "name" : "sunba", "age" : 32 } { "_id" : 7, "name" : "songjiu", "skill" : [ "java" ] } > db.student.update({_id: 7},{$push:{skill:"mongodb"}}) WriteResult({ "nMatched" : 1, "nUpserted" : 0, "nModified" : 1 }) > db.student.find() { "_id" : 1, "name" : "zhangsan", "age" : 26 } { "_id" : 2, "name" : "lisi", "age" : 27 } { "_id" : 3, "name" : "wangwu", "age" : 30 } { "_id" : 4, "name" : "zhaoliu", "age" : 28 } { "_id" : 5, "name" : "qianliu", "age" : 33 } { "_id" : 6, "name" : "sunba", "age" : 32 } { "_id" : 7, "name" : "songjiu", "skill" : [ "java", "mongodb" ] } > db.student.update({_id: 7},{$push:{name:"111"}}) WriteResult({ "nMatched" : 0, "nUpserted" : 0, "nModified" : 0, "writeError" : { "code" : 16837, "errmsg" : "The field 'name' must be an array but is of type String in document {_id: 7.0}" } }) > db.student.update({_id: 7},{$pushAll:{skill:["js","C++","java"]}}) WriteResult({ "nMatched" : 1, "nUpserted" : 0, "nModified" : 1 }) > db.student.find() { "_id" : 1, "name" : "zhangsan", "age" : 26 } { "_id" : 2, "name" : "lisi", "age" : 27 } { "_id" : 3, "name" : "wangwu", "age" : 30 } { "_id" : 4, "name" : "zhaoliu", "age" : 28 } { "_id" : 5, "name" : "qianliu", "age" : 33 } { "_id" : 6, "name" : "sunba", "age" : 32 } { "_id" : 7, "name" : "songjiu", "skill" : [ "java", "mongodb", "js", "C++", "java" ] } > db.student.update({_id:7},{$addToSet:{skill:"mongodb"}}) WriteResult({ "nMatched" : 1, "nUpserted" : 0, "nModified" : 0 }) > db.student.find() { "_id" : 1, "name" : "zhangsan", "age" : 26 } { "_id" : 2, "name" : "lisi", "age" : 27 } { "_id" : 3, "name" : "wangwu", "age" : 30 } { "_id" : 4, "name" : "zhaoliu", "age" : 28 } { "_id" : 5, "name" : "qianliu", "age" : 33 } { "_id" : 6, "name" : "sunba", "age" : 32 } { "_id" : 7, "name" : "songjiu", "skill" : [ "java", "mongodb", "js", "C++", "java" ] }
$pop:刪除數組的第一個或最後一個元素,值為-1時是刪除第一個元素,值為1時是刪除最後一個元素。
$pull:刪除數組中的某一個指定的數值
$pullAll:刪除數組中多個指定的數值
> db.student.update({_id:7},{$pop:{skill:1}}) WriteResult({ "nMatched" : 1, "nUpserted" : 0, "nModified" : 1 }) > db.student.find() { "_id" : 1, "name" : "zhangsan", "age" : 26 } { "_id" : 2, "name" : "lisi", "age" : 27 } { "_id" : 3, "name" : "wangwu", "age" : 30 } { "_id" : 4, "name" : "zhaoliu", "age" : 28 } { "_id" : 5, "name" : "qianliu", "age" : 33 } { "_id" : 6, "name" : "sunba", "age" : 32 } { "_id" : 7, "name" : "songjiu", "skill" : [ "java", "mongodb", "js", "C++" ] } > db.student.update({_id:7},{$pop:{skill:-1}}) WriteResult({ "nMatched" : 1, "nUpserted" : 0, "nModified" : 1 }) > db.student.find() { "_id" : 1, "name" : "zhangsan", "age" : 26 } { "_id" : 2, "name" : "lisi", "age" : 27 } { "_id" : 3, "name" : "wangwu", "age" : 30 } { "_id" : 4, "name" : "zhaoliu", "age" : 28 } { "_id" : 5, "name" : "qianliu", "age" : 33 } { "_id" : 6, "name" : "sunba", "age" : 32 } { "_id" : 7, "name" : "songjiu", "skill" : [ "mongodb", "js", "C++" ] } > db.student.update({_id:7},{$pull:{skill:"js"}}) WriteResult({ "nMatched" : 1, "nUpserted" : 0, "nModified" : 1 }) > db.student.find() { "_id" : 1, "name" : "zhangsan", "age" : 26 } { "_id" : 2, "name" : "lisi", "age" : 27 } { "_id" : 3, "name" : "wangwu", "age" : 30 } { "_id" : 4, "name" : "zhaoliu", "age" : 28 } { "_id" : 5, "name" : "qianliu", "age" : 33 } { "_id" : 6, "name" : "sunba", "age" : 32 } { "_id" : 7, "name" : "songjiu", "skill" : [ "mongodb", "C++" ] } > db.student.update({_id:7},{$pullAll:{skill:["js"]}}) WriteResult({ "nMatched" : 1, "nUpserted" : 0, "nModified" : 0 }) > db.student.find() { "_id" : 1, "name" : "zhangsan", "age" : 26 } { "_id" : 2, "name" : "lisi", "age" : 27 } { "_id" : 3, "name" : "wangwu", "age" : 30 } { "_id" : 4, "name" : "zhaoliu", "age" : 28 } { "_id" : 5, "name" : "qianliu", "age" : 33 } { "_id" : 6, "name" : "sunba", "age" : 32 } { "_id" : 7, "name" : "songjiu", "skill" : [ "mongodb", "C++" ] } > db.student.update({_id:7},{$pullAll:{skill:["mongodb","C++"]}}) WriteResult({ "nMatched" : 1, "nUpserted" : 0, "nModified" : 1 }) > db.student.find() { "_id" : 1, "name" : "zhangsan", "age" : 26 } { "_id" : 2, "name" : "lisi", "age" : 27 } { "_id" : 3, "name" : "wangwu", "age" : 30 } { "_id" : 4, "name" : "zhaoliu", "age" : 28 } { "_id" : 5, "name" : "qianliu", "age" : 33 } { "_id" : 6, "name" : "sunba", "age" : 32 } { "_id" : 7, "name" : "songjiu", "skill" : [ ] }