我們已經看到使用WHERE子句的SQL SELECT命令來從MySQL表獲取數據。但是,當我們試圖給的條件比較字段或列的值為NULL,它不能正常工作。
為了處理這種情況,MySQL提供了三大運算符
涉及NULL條件是特殊的。不能使用 =NULL 或 !=NULL 尋找NULL值的列。這種比較總是告訴他們是否是真正的失敗,因為這是不可能的。即使是NULL=NULL失敗。
如果要查找是或不是NULL的列,請使用IS NULL或IS NOT NULL。
在命令提示符下使用NULL值:
假設一個表tcount_tbl,它包含了兩個的列stutorial_author和tutorial_count,其中一個tutorial_count為NULL 表示的值是未知的
例子:
試試下面的例子:
root@host# mysql -u root -p password; Enter password:******* mysql> use TUTORIALS; Database changed mysql> create table tcount_tbl -> ( -> tutorial_author varchar(40) NOT NULL, -> tutorial_count INT -> ); Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.05 sec) mysql> INSERT INTO tcount_tbl -> (tutorial_author, tutorial_count) values ('mahran', 20); mysql> INSERT INTO tcount_tbl -> (tutorial_author, tutorial_count) values ('mahnaz', NULL); mysql> INSERT INTO tcount_tbl -> (tutorial_author, tutorial_count) values ('Jen', NULL); mysql> INSERT INTO tcount_tbl -> (tutorial_author, tutorial_count) values ('Gill', 20); mysql> SELECT * from tcount_tbl; +-----------------+----------------+ | tutorial_author | tutorial_count | +-----------------+----------------+ | mahran | 20 | | mahnaz | NULL | | Jen | NULL | | Gill | 20 | +-----------------+----------------+ 4 rows in set (0.00 sec) mysql>
可以看到=和!=不使用NULL值,如下所示:
mysql> SELECT * FROM tcount_tbl WHERE tutorial_count = NULL; Empty set (0.00 sec) mysql> SELECT * FROM tcount_tbl WHERE tutorial_count != NULL; Empty set (0.01 sec)
要找到,其中tutorial_count列是或不是NULL的記錄,查詢應該這樣寫:
mysql> SELECT * FROM tcount_tbl -> WHERE tutorial_count IS NULL; +-----------------+----------------+ | tutorial_author | tutorial_count | +-----------------+----------------+ | mahnaz | NULL | | Jen | NULL | +-----------------+----------------+ 2 rows in set (0.00 sec) mysql> SELECT * from tcount_tbl -> WHERE tutorial_count IS NOT NULL; +-----------------+----------------+ | tutorial_author | tutorial_count | +-----------------+----------------+ | mahran | 20 | | Gill | 20 | +-----------------+----------------+ 2 rows in set (0.00 sec)
PHP腳本處理NULL值:
可以使用IF ... ELSE條件准備的基礎上操作NULL值的查詢。
例子:
下面的示例tutorial_count從外部,然後它與可在表中的值進行比較。
<?php $dbhost = 'localhost:3036'; $dbuser = 'root'; $dbpass = 'rootpassword'; $conn = mysql_connect($dbhost, $dbuser, $dbpass); if(! $conn ) { die('Could not connect: ' . mysql_error()); } if( isset($tutorial_count )) { $sql = 'SELECT tutorial_author, tutorial_count FROM tcount_tbl WHERE tutorial_count = $tutorial_count'; } else { $sql = 'SELECT tutorial_author, tutorial_count FROM tcount_tbl WHERE tutorial_count IS $tutorial_count'; } mysql_select_db('TUTORIALS'); $retval = mysql_query( $sql, $conn ); if(! $retval ) { die('Could not get data: ' . mysql_error()); } while($row = mysql_fetch_array($retval, MYSQL_ASSOC)) { echo "Author:{$row['tutorial_author']} <br> ". "Count: {$row['tutorial_count']} <br> ". "--------------------------------<br>"; } echo "Fetched data successfully\n"; mysql_close($conn); ?>