第一部分, 在一台服務器構建多MySQL 服務。
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一,緒言
在Mysql中有一mysqld_multi命令,可用於在一台物理服務器運行多個MySQL服務,今天參考一些文檔,親自測試並通過,真高興,現將操作過程共享給大家!
操作系統:Linux 2.6.13 (Slackware),其它版的Linux應該也差不多。
數據庫:MySQL 4.0.17 源程序安裝(相信最新的5.1.*也差不多,過些天再試試)
規劃:運行4個MySQL服務:
假設服務器名:db-app (IP為192.168.0.100),
假設服務器名:db-app2 (IP為192.168.0.101),
下文直到第二部分,均為講述db-app中的MySQL,
二,准備
用MySQL源程序安裝,假設在安裝時用的configura選擇項
./configure --prefix=/usr/local/mysql --datadir=/usr/local/MySQL/data1
--sysconfdir=/etc
備注:--prefix將MYSQL安裝到/usr/local/MySQL,
--datadir將數據庫生成/usr/local/MySQL/data1
sysconfdir是指定mysql使用到的my.cnf配置文件的搜索路徑為/etc,其他MySQL安裝過程略。
根據Mysql管理手冊中提到:每個MySQL的服務都可為獨立的,所以它都調用一個my.cnf中各自不同的啟動選項--就是下文中將提到的GNR值,使用不同的端口,生成各自的套接文件,服務的數據庫都是獨立的(更多可查閱MySQL官方網站的英文管理手冊)。
mysqld_multi是管理多個MySQLd的服務進程,這些服務進程程序不同的unix socket或是監聽於不同的端口。他可以啟動、停止和監控當前的服務狀態。
----程序在my.cnf(或是在--config-file自定義的配置文件)中搜索[mysqld#]段,"#"可以是任意的正整數。這個正整數就是在下面提及的段序列,即GNR。段的序號做為mysqld_multi的參數,來區別不同的段,這樣你就可以控制特定mysqld進程的啟動、停止或得到他的報告信息。這些組裡的參數就像啟動一個mysqld所需要的組的參數一樣。但是,如果使用多服務,必須為每個服務指定一個unix socket或端口(摘自http://mifor.4dian.org中的使用mysqld_multi程序管理多個MySQL服務 )。
從上述文字可看到多MySQL服務中最重要的就是my.cnf配置文件了。
現我貼出我的my.cnf文件:
[MySQLd_multi]
mysqld = /usr/local/mysql/bin/MySQLd_safe
mysqladmin = /usr/local/mysql/bin/MySQLadmin
user = mysql (用一個帳號來啟動所有的mysql服務器,因為是用一相同的帳號。那個麼這帳號必須都是每個MySQL服務都要用的帳號,最好是管理帳號,下面的口令與相同)
passWord = mypaswd [mysqld1] port = 3306 socket = /tmp/mysql.sock1 pid-file=/usr/local/mysql/data1/db-app1.pid log=/usr/local/mysql/data1/db-app.log datadir = /usr/local/mysql/data user = mysql [mysqld2] port = 3307 socket = /tmp/mysql.sock2 pid-file = /usr/local/mysql/data2/db-app2.pid datadir = /usr/local/mysql/data2 log=/usr/local/mysql/data2/db-app.log user = mysql [mysqld3] port = 3308 socket = /tmp/mysql.sock3 pid-file = /usr/local/mysql/data3/db-app3.pid3 datadir = /usr/local/mysql/data3 log=/usr/local/mysql/data3/db-app.log user = mysql [mysqld4] port = 3309 socket = /tmp/mysql.sock4 pid-file = /usr/local/mysql/data3/db-app4.pid datadir = /usr/local/mysql/data4 log=/usr/local/mysql/data4/db-app.log user = mysql [mysqldump] quick max_allowed_packet = 16M [mysql] no-auto-rehash [isamchk] key_buffer = 128M sort_buffer_size = 128M read_buffer = 2M write_buffer = 2M [myisamchk] key_buffer = 128M sort_buffer_size = 128M read_buffer = 2M write_buffer = 2M [MySQLhotcopy] interactive-timeout
我的配置文件中有mysqld1,mysqld2,mysqld3,mysqld4。就是說我將啟動4個MySQL服務在同一服務器的不同端口——3306-3309,每datadir所指定的數據庫文件路徑都是不相同的,都有各自不同的日志文件。其它一些設置可用my.cnf 原來的內容。
ok, 重要的my.cnf編好的,現在為配置中不同MySQL 服務建立各自文件夾和初始數據庫等。
[mysqld1]是一個默認的,在我們安裝MySQL時已經有了,所以不用管它。
[mysqld2],只要根據配置就的路徑為它建立一個目錄就可以了.將把該目錄改為MySQL管理權。
db-app:/ # mkdir /usr/local/MySQL/data2
建數據庫,我們可以把默認的mysql數據庫復制過來,以利用其它的MySQL帳號,其它數據庫根據應用再建立。
db-app:/ # cp /usr/local/mysql/data1/mysql /usr/local/MySQL/data2 -R
db-app:/ # chmod mysql.mysql /usr/local/MySQL/data2 -R
[mysqld3],[MySQLd4], 相同。
我們可能看看這些目錄是否都存在。
db-app:/ # ls -l /usr/local/MySQL/
drwxr-xr-x 6 mysql MySQL 4096 Apr 9 17:54 data4
drwxr-x--- 2 mysql MySQL 4096 Apr 9 17:14 data1
drwxr-xr-x 3 mysql MySQL 4096 Apr 9 17:54 data2
drwxr-xr-x 3 mysql MySQL 4096 Apr 9 17:54 data3
現在可以通過MySQLd_multi啟動了。
三,MySQLd_multi命令
使用如下參數來啟動mysqld_multi: (注:該命令在mysql的bin目錄中,根據上面所提到./configure --prefix=/usr/local/MySQL ,所以該文件應該在 /usr/local/mysq/bin, 這得根據你安裝時所指定的路徑 )。
db-app:/ # MySQLd_multi [options] {start|stop|report} [GNR[,GNR]...]
start,stop和report是指你想到執行的操作。你可以在單獨的服務或是多服務上指定一個操作,區別於選項後面的GNR列表。如果沒有指定GNR列表,那麼MySQLd_multi將在所有的服務中根據選項文件進行操作。
每一個GNR的值是組的序列號或是一個組的序列號范圍。此項的值必須是組名字最後的數字,比如說如果組名為mysqld17,那麼此項的值則為17.如果指定一個范圍,使用"-"(破折號)來連接二個數字。如GNR的值為10-13,則指組mysqld10到組mysqld13。多個組或是組范圍可以在命令行中指定,使用","(逗號)隔開。不能有空白的字符(如空格或tab),在空白字符後面的參數將會被忽略。 (注:GNR值就是我們定義my.cnf中MySQLd#中的值,我這裡只有1-4)。
db-app:/ # /usr/local/mysq/bin/mysqld_multi --config-file=/etc/my.cnf start 1 只啟動第一個mysql服務,相關文件由my.cnf中MySQL1設定。
db-app:/ # /usr/local/mysq/bin/mysqld_multi --config-file=/etc/my.cnf stop 1 停止第一個MySQL服務
db-app:/ # /usr/local/mysq/bin/mysqld_multi --config-file=/etc/my.cnf start 1-4 啟動第1至4MySQL服務,其實就是我這裡的全部。
db-app:/ # /usr/local/mysq/bin/MySQLd_multi --config-file=/etc/my.cnf report 1-4 查看啟動:
db-app:/ # ps aux
root 10467 0.0 0.2 2712 1300 pts/0 S 18:59 0:00 /bin/sh /usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqld_safe --port=3306 --socket=/tmp/MySQL.sock1
root 10475 0.0 0.2 2712 1300 pts/0 S 18:59 0:00 /bin/sh /usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqld_safe --port=3307 --socket=/tmp/MySQL.sock2
root 10482 0.0 0.2 2716 1300 pts/0 S 18:59 0:00 /bin/sh /usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqld_safe --port=3308 --socket=/tmp/MySQL.sock3
root 10487 0.0 0.2 2716 1300 pts/0 S 18:59 0:00 /bin/sh /usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqld_safe --port=3309 --socket=/tmp/MySQL.sock4
四,客戶端訪問
任何客戶端訪問都需要指定訪問端口.方才能進入指定數據庫服務.否則將使用到Mysql默認的端口(3306)所服務的MySQL。
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第二部分, 在一台服務器構建多MySQL主服務。
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提示:建立一個帳號,專門用於下面主從復制,本例用的的帳號repl, 口令為:'1234567890', 可讓其擁有select_priv,reload_priv,process_priv,grant_priv,super_priv,repl_slave_priv,repl_clIEnt_priv權限,並能通過任何客戶進行訪問,即訪問客戶為'%'。
主要是修改my.cnf中的內容,讓每個mysql生成自己的bin-log文件及各自的運行環境,現貼上我的my.cnf全部內容,相關參數與請參考MySQL 官文手冊。
#[clIEnt] #password = your_password #port = 3306 #socket = /tmp/mysql.sock [mysqld_multi] mysqld = /usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqld_safe mysqladmin = /usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqladmin user = mysql passWord = mypasswd [mysqld1] port = 3306 socket = /tmp/mysql.sock1 skip-locking pid-file=/usr/local/mysql/data/net-app1a.pid datadir = /usr/local/mysql/data log=/usr/local/mysql/data/net-app1.log user = mysql log-slow-queries=/usr/local/mysql/data/slowquery.log long_query_time = 2 key_buffer = 256M max_allowed_packet = 1M table_cache = 512 sort_buffer_size = 2M read_buffer_size = 2M myisam_sort_buffer_size = 64M thread_cache = 32 query_cache_size = 32M thread_concurrency = 2 max_connections=500 log-bin log-bin=/usr/local/mysql/data/app-net1_1-bin server-id = 1 [mysqld2] port = 3307 socket = /tmp/mysql.sock2 pid-file = /usr/local/mysql/data2/net-app1b.pid datadir = /usr/local/mysql/data2 log=/usr/local/mysql/data2/net-app1.log user = mysql log-slow-querIEs=/usr/local/mysql/data2/slowquery.log long_query_time = 10 key_buffer = 128M max_allowed_packet = 1M table_cache = 512 sort_buffer_size = 1M read_buffer_size = 1M myisam_sort_buffer_size = 32M thread_cache = 32 query_cache_size = 16M thread_concurrency = 2 max_connections=300 log-bin log-bin=/usr/local/mysql/data2/app-net1_2-bin server-id = 1 [mysqld3] port = 3308 socket = /tmp/mysql.sock3 skip-locking pid-file = /usr/local/mysql/data3/net-app1c.pid datadir = /usr/local/mysql/data3 log=/usr/local/mysql/data3/net-app1.log user = mysql log-bin log-bin=/usr/local/mysql/data3/app-net1_3-bin server-id = 1 [mysqld4] port = 3309 socket = /tmp/mysql.sock4 skip-locking pid-file = /usr/local/mysql/data1/app-net1d.pid datadir = /usr/local/mysql/data1 log=/usr/local/mysql/data1/net-app1.log user = mysql log-bin log-bin=/usr/local/mysql/data1/app-net1_4-bin server-id = 1 [mysqldump] quick max_allowed_packet = 16M [mysql] no-auto-rehash # Remove the next comment character if you are not familiar with SQL #safe-updates [isamchk] key_buffer = 128M sort_buffer_size = 128M read_buffer = 2M write_buffer = 2M [myisamchk] key_buffer = 128M sort_buffer_size = 128M read_buffer = 2M write_buffer = 2M [MySQLhotcopy] interactive-timeout
啟動多MySQL服務都是相同的,
db-app:/ # /usr/local/mysq/bin/MySQLd_multi --config-file=/etc/my.cnf start 1-4
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第三部分, 在一台服務器構建多MySQL 從服務。
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構建從服務器的預選准備: 建議用mysqld_multi 把主服務器的MySQL全部停掉.刪除數據目錄中的所有除數據庫目錄以外的任何文件(此文中的數據目錄庫有4個,datadir = /usr/local/MySQL/中的 data1 -- data1).建主從都用相同的數據目錄路徑.
用Tar 命令把每數據庫封裝起來,並通過sFTP命令put/get到從服務器(db-app1 192.168.0.101)。
下列操作供參考:
在db-app主機上的操作
db-app:/ # tar -cf data1.tar /usr/local/MySQL/data1
db-app:/ # tar -cf data2.tar /usr/local/MySQL/data2
db-app:/ # tar -cf data3.tar /usr/local/MySQL/data3
db-app:/ # tar -cf data4.tar /usr/local/MySQL/data4
在db-app1主機上的操作
db-app1:/ # tar xvf data1.tar
db-app1:/ # tar xvf data2.tar
db-app1:/ # tar xvf data3.tar
db-app1:/ # tar xvf data4.tar
同時,請確認系統帳號mysql是否對主/從服務器的中的MySQL數據目錄都有操作權限,如果無法確認,你直接更修改這些目錄的所有權即可。
在db-app主機上的操作
db-app:/ # chown mysql.mysql /usr/local/MySQL/data1 -R
db-app:/ # chown mysql.mysql /usr/local/MySQL/data2 -R
db-app:/ # chown mysql.mysql /usr/local/MySQL/data3 -R
db-app:/ # chown mysql.mysql /usr/local/MySQL/data4 -R
在db-app1主機上的操作
db-app1:/ # chown mysql.mysql /usr/local/MySQL/data1 -R
db-app2:/ # chown mysql.mysql /usr/local/MySQL/data2 -R
db-app3:/ # chown mysql.mysql /usr/local/MySQL/data3 -R
db-app4:/ # chown mysql.mysql /usr/local/MySQL/data4 -R
下面就是從服務器上/etc/my.cnf的全部內容。
提示:下面的my.cnf中將會提到一個帳號:repl, 口令為:'1234567890', 這個帳號就是上面專門建立的。
其實都一樣,主要是修改my.cnf中的內容,讓每個從mysql通過主MySQL的不同的端口,去獲取各自bin-log來更新自生的數據庫內容.現貼上我的my.cnf全部內容(從服務器),相關參數與請參考MySQL 官文手冊。
#[client] #password = your_password #port = 3306 #socket = /tmp/mysql.sock [mysqld_multi] mysqld = /usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqld_safe mysqladmin = /usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqladmin user = mysql password = netmoniit [mysqld1] port = 3306 socket = /tmp/mysql.sock1 skip-locking pid-file=/usr/local/mysql/data/net-app1a.pid datadir = /usr/local/mysql/data log=/usr/local/mysql/data/net-app1.log user = mysql log-slow-queries=/usr/local/mysql/data/slowquery.log long_query_time = 2 key_buffer = 256M max_allowed_packet = 1M table_cache = 512 sort_buffer_size = 2M read_buffer_size = 2M myisam_sort_buffer_size = 64M thread_cache = 32 query_cache_size = 32M thread_concurrency = 2 max_connections=500 server-id = 2 master-host = 192.168.0.100 master-user = 'repl' master-password = '1234567890' master-port = 3309 report-host = net-app1 master-connect-retry = 30 log-bin log-slave-updates [mysqld2] port = 3307 socket = /tmp/mysql.sock2 pid-file = /usr/local/mysql/data2/net-app1b.pid datadir = /usr/local/mysql/data2 log=/usr/local/mysql/data2/net-app1.log user = mysql log-slow-queries=/usr/local/mysql/data2/slowquery.log long_query_time = 10 key_buffer = 128M max_allowed_packet = 1M table_cache = 512 sort_buffer_size = 1M read_buffer_size = 1M myisam_sort_buffer_size = 32M thread_cache = 32 query_cache_size = 16M thread_concurrency = 2 max_connections=300 server-id = 2 master-host = 192.168.0.100 master-user = 'repl' master-password = '1234567890' master-port = 3309 report-host = net-app1 master-connect-retry = 30 log-bin log-slave-updates [mysqld3] port = 3308 socket = /tmp/mysql.sock3 pid-file = /usr/local/mysql/data3/net-app1c.pid datadir = /usr/local/mysql/data3 log=/usr/local/mysql/data3/net-app1.log user = mysql log-slow-queries=/usr/local/mysql/data3/slowquery.log long_query_time = 10 key_buffer = 128M max_allowed_packet = 1M table_cache = 512 sort_buffer_size = 1M read_buffer_size = 1M myisam_sort_buffer_size = 32M thread_cache = 32 query_cache_size = 16M thread_concurrency = 2 max_connections=300 server-id = 2 master-host = 192.168.0.100 master-user = 'repl' master-password = '1234567890' master-port = 3309 report-host = net-app1 master-connect-retry = 30 log-bin log-slave-updates [mysqld3] port = 3308 socket = /tmp/mysql.sock4 pid-file = /usr/local/mysql/data4/net-app1d.pid datadir = /usr/local/mysql/data4 log=/usr/local/mysql/data4/net-app1.log user = mysql log-slow-querIEs=/usr/local/mysql/data4/slowquery.log long_query_time = 10 key_buffer = 128M max_allowed_packet = 1M table_cache = 512 sort_buffer_size = 1M read_buffer_size = 1M myisam_sort_buffer_size = 32M thread_cache = 32 query_cache_size = 16M thread_concurrency = 2 max_connections=300 server-id = 2 master-host = 192.168.0.100 master-user = 'repl' master-passWord = '1234567890' master-port = 3309 report-host = net-app1 master-connect-retry = 30 log-bin log-slave-updates [mysqldump] quick max_allowed_packet = 16M [mysql] no-auto-rehash # Remove the next comment character if you are not familiar with SQL #safe-updates [isamchk] key_buffer = 128M sort_buffer_size = 128M read_buffer = 2M write_buffer = 2M [myisamchk] key_buffer = 128M sort_buffer_size = 128M read_buffer = 2M write_buffer = 2M [MySQLhotcopy] interactive-timeout
在功告成,現在分別啟動兩台主機上的多mysql服務,這樣,每個主服務的每個MySQL有變化,都會自動復制/更新到從服務器對應的數據庫中。
db-app:/ # /usr/local/mysq/bin/MySQLd_multi --config-file=/etc/my.cnf start 1-4
db-app1:/ # /usr/local/mysq/bin/MySQLd_multi --config-file=/etc/my.cnf start 1-4