提要：系統自帶的MySQL默認字符集不是gbk,因此給數據庫的推廣應用以及中文程序的開發帶來極大的不便,在沒完沒了的GBK和UTF8的轉換過程中消耗了我們無數的精力以及系統的資源.經過摸索嘗試解決了中文支持問題,經驗與大家分享一下.
先將讓slack支持中文,方法可以看"Linuxsir.org 之Slackware討論區",然後重新編譯mysql,原來系統MySQL的要先用卸載.
login:root
shell> removepkg MySQL
shell> groupadd MySQL
shell> cd /app
shell> mkdir MySQL
shell> chmod 744 MySQL
shell> useradd -G mysql -s /bin/bash –p /app/mysql MySQL
shell> chown -R mysql.mysql MySQL
下載MySQL4.x.x
shell> gunzip < MySQL-VERSION.tar.gz | tar -xvf -
shell> cd MySQL-VERSION
shell> CFLAGS="-O3 -mcpu=pentium3"
CXX=gcc
XXFLAGS="-O3 -mcpu=pentium3 -felide-constructors"
./configure --prefix=/app/MySQL
--with--charset=gbk
--with-extra-charsets="gbk gb2312 big5 utf8"
--with-unix-socket-path=/etc/MySQL.sock
--enable-local-infile
--enable-thread-safe-clIEnt
--enable-assembler
--with-clIEnt-ldflags=-all-static
--with-MySQLd-ldflags=-all-static
//-mcpu 根據CPU類型優化編譯，可以讓你的mysq表現更好！可選項目很多：i386, i486, i586, i686, pentium, pentium-mmx, pentiumpro, pentium2, pentium3, pentium4, k6, k6-2, k6-3, athlon, athlon-tbird, athlon-4, athlon-xp,athlon-mp,winchip-c6, winchip2 , c3.
shell> make
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錯誤時候
shell> make clean
再回上一步
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shell> make install
shell> cp support-files/my-medium.cnf /etc/my.cnf
shell> cd /app/MySQL
shell> bin/MySQL_install_db --user=root
shell> chown -R root .
shell> chown -R MySQL var
shell> chgrp -R MySQL .
shell> ./bin/MySQLd_safe --user=root --default-character-set=gbk &
shell> ./bin/MySQLadmin -u root password 'new-passWord'
shell> ./bin/MySQL -u root --default-character-set=gbk -p
MySQL> status
...
Server characterset: gbk
Db characterset: gbk
ClIEnt characterset: gbk
Conn. characterset: gbk
....
看見characterset全是gbk就算成功了.
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在UTF8字符集的老數據庫中,創建中文支持表腳本如下,對字段加上字符集說明
CREATE TABLE `test`.`cn` (
`zh` CHAR(10) CHARACTER SET gb2312 COLLATE gb2312_chinese_ci NOT NULL,
`中文` INT(11) NOT NULL
)
ENGINE = MYISAM;
注:CHARACTER SET 寫GB2312 和gbk都可以,gbk優於gb2312.
對於新創建的數據庫加個默認字符集聲明GBK,就不用建表時候每個字段聲明了,這樣看起來簡單流暢,沒有特殊的痕跡,建議多采用這種方法.
MySQL> CREATE DATABASE dbCN DEFAULT CHARACTER SET gbk COLLATE gbk_chinese_ci;
CREATE TABLE `dbCN`.`cn` (
`zh` CHAR(10) NOT NULL,
`中文` INT(11) NOT NULL
)
ENGINE = MYISAM;
MySQL> insert into cn values("真的？",1);
注:如果這些腳本用bin/mysql命令行是輸入不了,可以 用MySQL query Browser,或者編程執行.
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shell> bin/MySQL -u root --default-character-set=gbk -p
MySQL>use test
MySQL> select * from cn;
+--------+------+
| zh | 中文 |
+--------+------+
| 真的？| 1 |
+--------+------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)
---------------------------------------------
最後修改啟動文件/etc/rc.d/rc.MySQLd
改路徑/app/mysql/bin/MySQLd_safe
改路徑/app/MySQL/var/web.pid
/app/mysql/bin/MySQLd_safe 後面加入 --user=root --default-character-set=gbk
