我們已經知道MySQL使用 SQL SELECT 命令及 WHERE 子句來讀取數據表中的數據,但是當提供的查詢條件字段為 NULL 時,該命令可能就無法正常工作。
為了處理這種情況,MySQL提供了三大運算符:
關於 NULL 的條件比較運算是比較特殊的。你不能使用 = NULL 或 != NULL 在列中查找 NULL 值 。
在MySQL中,NULL值與任何其它值的比較(即使是NULL)永遠返回false,即 NULL = NULL 返回false 。
MySQL中處理NULL使用IS NULL和IS NOT NULL運算符。
以下實例中假設數據庫 RUNOOB 中的表 tcount_tbl 含有兩列 runoob_author 和 runoob_count, runoob_count 中設置插入NULL值。
嘗試以下實例:
root@host# mysql -u root -p password; Enter password:******* mysql> use RUNOOB; Database changed mysql> create table tcount_tbl -> ( -> runoob_author varchar(40) NOT NULL, -> runoob_count INT -> ); Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.05 sec) mysql> INSERT INTO tcount_tbl -> (runoob_author, runoob_count) values ('mahran', 20); mysql> INSERT INTO tcount_tbl -> (runoob_author, runoob_count) values ('mahnaz', NULL); mysql> INSERT INTO tcount_tbl -> (runoob_author, runoob_count) values ('Jen', NULL); mysql> INSERT INTO tcount_tbl -> (runoob_author, runoob_count) values ('Gill', 20); mysql> SELECT * from tcount_tbl; +-----------------+----------------+ | runoob_author | runoob_count | +-----------------+----------------+ | mahran | 20 | | mahnaz | NULL | | Jen | NULL | | Gill | 20 | +-----------------+----------------+ 4 rows in set (0.00 sec) mysql>
以下實例中你可以看到 = 和 != 運算符是不起作用的:
mysql> SELECT * FROM tcount_tbl WHERE runoob_count = NULL; Empty set (0.00 sec) mysql> SELECT * FROM tcount_tbl WHERE runoob_count != NULL; Empty set (0.01 sec)
查找數據表中 runoob_count 列是否為 NULL,必須使用IS NULL和IS NOT NULL,如下實例:
mysql> SELECT * FROM tcount_tbl -> WHERE runoob_count IS NULL; +-----------------+----------------+ | runoob_author | runoob_count | +-----------------+----------------+ | mahnaz | NULL | | Jen | NULL | +-----------------+----------------+ 2 rows in set (0.00 sec) mysql> SELECT * from tcount_tbl -> WHERE runoob_count IS NOT NULL; +-----------------+----------------+ | runoob_author | runoob_count | +-----------------+----------------+ | mahran | 20 | | Gill | 20 | +-----------------+----------------+ 2 rows in set (0.00 sec)
PHP腳本中你可以在 if...else 語句來處理變量是否為空,並生成相應的條件語句。
以下實例中PHP設置了$runoob_count變量,然後使用該變量與數據表中的 runoob_count 字段進行比較:
<?php $dbhost = 'localhost:3036'; $dbuser = 'root'; $dbpass = 'rootpassword'; $conn = mysql_connect($dbhost, $dbuser, $dbpass); if(! $conn ) { die('Could not connect: ' . mysql_error()); } if( isset($runoob_count )) { $sql = 'SELECT runoob_author, runoob_count FROM tcount_tbl WHERE runoob_count = $runoob_count'; } else { $sql = 'SELECT runoob_author, runoob_count FROM tcount_tbl WHERE runoob_count IS $runoob_count'; } mysql_select_db('RUNOOB'); $retval = mysql_query( $sql, $conn ); if(! $retval ) { die('Could not get data: ' . mysql_error()); } while($row = mysql_fetch_array($retval, MYSQL_ASSOC)) { echo "Author:{$row['runoob_author']} <br> ". "Count: {$row['runoob_count']} <br> ". "--------------------------------<br>"; } echo "Fetched data successfully\n"; mysql_close($conn); ?>