MySQL ALTER語法如下：
ALTER [IGNORE] TABLE tbl_name alter_spec [, alter_spec ...]
alter_specification:
ADD [COLUMN] create_definition [FIRST | AFTER column_name ]
or ADD INDEX [index_name] (index_col_name,...)
or ADD PRIMARY KEY (index_col_name,...)
or ADD UNIQUE [index_name] (index_col_name,...)
or ALTER [COLUMN] col_name {SET DEFAULT literal | DROP DEFAULT}
or CHANGE [COLUMN] old_col_name create_definition
or MODIFY [COLUMN] create_definition
or DROP [COLUMN] col_name
or DROP PRIMARY KEY
or DROP INDEX index_name
or RENAME [AS] new_tbl_name
or table_options
下面來看幾個實例：
1、向表employee中添加Account_Number字段並設置其字段類型為INT
ALTER TABLE employee ADD COLUMN Account_Number INT
2、修改表employee中的ID字段為索引
ALTER TABLE employee ADD INDEX (ID)
3、修改表employee中的ID字段為主鍵PRIMARY KEY
ALTER TABLE employee ADD PRIMARY KEY (ID)
4、修改表employee中的ID字段為唯一索引UNIQUE
ALTER TABLE employee ADD UNIQUE (ID)
5、將employee表中的id字段重命名為salary並設置其數據類型為int
ALTER TABLE employee CHANGE ID salary INT
6、刪除employee表中的Customer_ID字段
ALTER TABLE employee DROP Customer_ID
7、刪除employee表中所有主鍵
ALTER TABLE employee DROP PRIMARY KEY
8、刪除employee表中字段Customer_ID的索引，只是將Customer_ID的索引取消，不會刪除Customer_ID字段。
ALTER TABLE employee DROP INDEX Customer_ID
9、修改employee表中First_Name的字段類型為varchar(100)
ALTER TABLE employee MODIFY First_Name varchar(100)
10、將表employee重命名為Customer
ALTER TABLE employee RENAME Customer
11、多命令寫在一起：
mysql> ALTER TABLE Books
-> ADD PRIMARY KEY (BookID),
-> ADD CONSTRAINT fk_1 FOREIGN KEY (PubID) REFERENCES Publishers (PubID),
-> ADD COLUMN Format ENUM('paperback', 'hardcover') NOT NULL AFTER BookName;
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