MySQL 5.6 的新特性之一,是加入了全局事務 ID (GTID) 來強化數據庫的主備一致性,故障恢復,以及容錯能力。
什麼是GTID?
官方文檔:http://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/5.6/en/replication-gtids.html在這篇文檔裡,我們可以知道全局事務 ID 的官方定義是:GTID = source_id:transaction_id
MySQL 5.6 中,每一個 GTID 代表一個數據庫事務。在上面的定義中,source_id 表示執行事務的主庫 uuid(server_uuid),transaction_id 是一個從 1 開始的自增計數,表示在這個主庫上執行的第 n 個事務。MySQL 會保證事務與 GTID 之間的 1 : 1 映射。
一、環境准備
操作系統:CentOS6.5 64位
數據庫版本:MySQL5.6.23
拓撲如下:
三、安裝主數據庫(masterdb.example.com)
1、准備數據存放目錄、創建用戶
[root@masterdb ~]#mkdir /data/mysqldata -p #創建數據存放目錄 [root@masterdb ~]#mkdir /data/mysqlLog/logs -p #創建日志存放目錄 [root@masterdb ~]#groupadd -r mysql [root@masterdb ~]#useradd -g mysql -r -s /sbin/nologin -M -d /data/mysqldata mysql [root@masterdb ~]#chown -R mysql:mysql /data/mysqldata [root@masterdb ~]#chown -R mysql:mysql /data/mysqlLog/logs
2、安裝並初始化mysql5.6.23
[root@masterdb ~]# tar xf mysql-advanced-5.6.23-linux-glibc2.5-x86_64.tar.gz -C /usr/local/ [root@masterdb ~]# cd /usr/local/ [root@masterdb ~]# ln -sv mysql-advanced-5.6.23-linux-glibc2.5-x86_64 mysql [root@masterdb ~]# chown -R root.mysql mysql [root@masterdb ~]# cd mysql [root@masterdb ~]# cp support-files/mysql.server /etc/rc.d/init.d/mysqld [root@masterdb ~]# cp support-files/my-default.cnf /etc/my.cnf [root@masterdb ~]# chmod +x /etc/rc.d/init.d/mysqld [root@masterdb ~]# chkconfig --add mysqld [root@masterdb ~]# chkconfig mysqld on [root@masterdb ~]# ./scripts/mysql_install_db --user=mysql --datadir=/data/mysqldata/
3、輸出mysql的man手冊至man命令的查找路徑:
編輯/etc/man.config,添加如下行即可:
MANPATH /usr/local/mysql/man
4、輸出mysql的頭文件至系統頭文件路徑/usr/include:
這可以通過簡單的創建鏈接實現:
[root@masterdb ~]#ln -sv /usr/local/mysql/include /usr/include/mysql
5、輸出mysql的庫文件給系統庫查找路徑:
[root@masterdb ~]#echo '/usr/local/mysql/lib' > /etc/ld.so.conf.d/mysql.conf
而後讓系統重新載入系統庫:
[root@masterdb ~]# ldconfig
6、修改PATH環境變量,讓系統可以直接使用mysql的相關命令:
[root@masterdb ~]# vim /etc/profile.d/mysql.sh export PATH=$PATH:/usr/local/mysql/bin [root@masterdb ~]#source /etc/profile.d/mysql.sh
從數據庫安裝同上,具體過程略過。
四、分別為主從數據庫提供配置文件/etc/my.cnf
要在MySQL 5.6中使用復制功能,其服務配置段[mysqld]中於少應該定義如下選項:
binlog-format:二進制日志的格式,有row、statement和mixed幾種類型;
需要注意的是:當設置隔離級別為READ-COMMITED必須設置二進制日志格式為ROW,現在MySQL官方認為STATEMENT這個已經不再適合繼續使用;但mixed類型在默認的事務隔離級別下,可能會導致主從數據不一致;
log-slave-updates、gtid-mode、enforce-gtid-consistency、report-port和report-host:用於啟動GTID及滿足附屬的其它需求;
master-info-repository和relay-log-info-repository:啟用此兩項,可用於實現在崩潰時保證二進制及從服務器安全的功能;
sync-master-info:啟用之可確保無信息丟失;
slave-paralles-workers:設定從服務器的SQL線程數;0表示關閉多線程復制功能;
binlog-checksum、master-verify-checksum和slave-sql-verify-checksum:啟用復制有關的所有校驗功能;
binlog-rows-query-log-events:啟用之可用於在二進制日志記錄事件相關的信息,可降低故障排除的復雜度;
log-bin:啟用二進制日志,這是保證復制功能的基本前提;
server-id:同一個復制拓撲中的所有服務器的id號必須惟一;
主數據庫上:
[client] port = 3306 socket = /tmp/mysql.sock default-character-set = utf8 [mysql] no-auto-rehash default-character-set = utf8 [mysqld] server-id = 1 port = 3306 user = mysql basedir = /usr/local/mysql datadir = /data/mysqldata socket = /tmp/mysql.sock default-storage-engine = INNODB character-set-server = utf8 connect_timeout = 60 interactive_timeout = 28800 wait_timeout = 28800 back_log = 500 event_scheduler = ON skip_name_resolve = ON; ###########binlog########## log-bin = /data/mysqlLog/logs/mysql-bin binlog_format = row max_binlog_size = 128M binlog_cache_size = 2M expire-logs-days = 5 log-slave-updates=true gtid-mode=on enforce-gtid-consistency=true master-info-repository=TABLE relay-log-info-repository=TABLE sync-master-info=1 slave-parallel-workers=4 #rpl_semi_sync_master_enabled = 1 slow_query_log = 1 slow_query_log_file = /data/mysqlLog/logs/mysql.slow long_query_time = 1 log_error = /data/mysqlLog/logs/error.log max_connections = 3000 max_connect_errors = 32767 log_bin_trust_function_creators = 1 transaction_isolation = READ-COMMITTED
從數據庫上:
[client] port = 3306 socket = /tmp/mysql.sock default-character-set = utf8 [mysql] no-auto-rehash default-character-set = utf8 [mysqld] server-id = 205 port = 3306 user = mysql basedir = /usr/local/mysql datadir = /data/mysqldata socket = /tmp/mysql.sock default-storage-engine = INNODB character-set-server = utf8 connect_timeout = 60 wait_timeout = 18000 back_log = 500 event_scheduler = ON ###########binlog########## log-bin = /data/mysqlLog/logs/mysql-bin binlog_format = row max_binlog_size = 128M binlog_cache_size = 2M expire-logs-days = 5 log-slave-updates=true gtid-mode=on enforce-gtid-consistency=true master-info-repository=TABLE relay-log-info-repository=TABLE sync-master-info=1 slave-parallel-workers=4 #rpl_semi_sync_slave_enabled = 1 skip-slave-start slow_query_log = 1 slow_query_log_file = /data/mysqlLog/logs/mysql.slow long_query_time = 2 log-error = /data/mysqlLog/logs/error.log max_connections = 3000 max_connect_errors = 10000 log_bin_trust_function_creators = 1 transaction_isolation = READ-COMMITTED
五、分別在主從數據庫上啟動mysqld服務
[root@masterdb ~]# service mysqld start Starting MySQL...... [ OK ] [root@masterdb ~]# [root@slavedb ~]# service mysqld start Starting MySQL...... [ OK ] [root@slavedb ~]#
六、在主數據庫上創建復制用戶
復制代碼 代碼如下:mysql> GRANT REPLICATION SLAVE ON *.* TO [email protected] IDENTIFIED BY 'replpassword';
說明:172.16.88.205是從節點服務器;如果想一次性授權更多的節點,可以自行根據需要修改;
七、啟動從數據庫上的復制線程
mysql> CHANGE MASTER TO MASTER_HOST='masterdb.example.com', MASTER_USER='repluser', MASTER_PASSWORD='replpassword', MASTER_AUTO_POSITION=1; mysql>start slave;
八、在從數據庫上查看復制狀態
mysql> show slave status\G; *************************** 1. row *************************** Slave_IO_State: Waiting for master to send event Master_Host: masterdb.56xyl.com Master_User: repluser Master_Port: 3306 Connect_Retry: 60 Master_Log_File: mysql-bin.000002 Read_Master_Log_Pos: 191 Relay_Log_File: slavedb-relay-bin.000003 Relay_Log_Pos: 401 Relay_Master_Log_File: mysql-bin.000002 Slave_IO_Running: Yes #IO線程已正常運行 Slave_SQL_Running: Yes #SQL線程已正常運行 Replicate_Do_DB: Replicate_Ignore_DB: Replicate_Do_Table: Replicate_Ignore_Table: Replicate_Wild_Do_Table: Replicate_Wild_Ignore_Table: Last_Errno: 0 Last_Error: Skip_Counter: 0 Exec_Master_Log_Pos: 191 Relay_Log_Space: 1899 Until_Condition: None Until_Log_File: Until_Log_Pos: 0 Master_SSL_Allowed: No Master_SSL_CA_File: Master_SSL_CA_Path: Master_SSL_Cert: Master_SSL_Cipher: Master_SSL_Key: Seconds_Behind_Master: 0 Master_SSL_Verify_Server_Cert: No Last_IO_Errno: 0 Last_IO_Error: Last_SQL_Errno: 0 Last_SQL_Error: Replicate_Ignore_Server_Ids: Master_Server_Id: 1 Master_UUID: 971d7245-c3f8-11e5-8b6b-000c2999e5a5 Master_Info_File: mysql.slave_master_info SQL_Delay: 0 SQL_Remaining_Delay: NULL Slave_SQL_Running_State: Slave has read all relay log; waiting for the slave I/O thread to update it Master_Retry_Count: 86400 Master_Bind: Last_IO_Error_Timestamp: Last_SQL_Error_Timestamp: Master_SSL_Crl: Master_SSL_Crlpath: Retrieved_Gtid_Set: 971d7245-c3f8-11e5-8b6b-000c2999e5a5:1-6 Executed_Gtid_Set: 89e78301-c3f4-11e5-8b51-00505624d26a:1-3, 971d7245-c3f8-11e5-8b6b-000c2999e5a5:1-6 Auto_Position: 1 1 row in set (0.00 sec) ERROR: No query specified mysql>
九、測試
在主庫上創建數據庫:
mysql> create database log_statics; Query OK, 1 row affected (0.11 sec) mysql> use log_statics; Database changed 到從數據庫上查看log_statics是否已經復制過去 mysql> show databases; +--------------------+ | Database | +--------------------+ | information_schema | | log_statics | | mysql | | performance_schema | +--------------------+ 4 rows in set (0.01 sec) mysql>
可以看到log_statics數據庫已經存在於從數據庫上。
以上就是本文的全部內容,希望對大家的學習有所幫助。