我們知道,MySQL數據庫的每一個數據庫對應一個子目錄,每個子目錄中包含了對應於這個數據庫中的數據表的文件。每一個數據表對應三個文件,它們和表名相同,但是具有不同的擴展名。tblName.frm文件是表的定義,它保存了表中包含的數據列的內容和類型。tblName.MYD文件包含了表中的數據。tblName.MYI文件包含了表的索引(例如,它可能包含lookup表以幫助提高對表的主鍵列的查詢)。
要檢查一個表的錯誤,只需要運行myisamchk(在MySQL的bin目錄下)並提供文件的位置和表名,或者是表的索引文件名:
- % myisamchk /usr/local/mysql/var/dbName/tblName
- % myisamchk /usr/local/mysql/var/dbName/tblName.MYI
上面的兩個命令都可以執行對指定表的檢查。要檢查數據庫中所有的表,可以使用通配符:
- % myisamchk /usr/local/mysql/var/dbName*.MYI
如果不帶任何選項,myisamchk將對表文件執行普通的檢查。如果你對一個表有懷疑,但是普通的檢查不能發現任何錯誤,你可以執行更徹底的檢查(但是也更慢!),這需要使用--extend-check選項:
- % myisamchk --extend-check /path/to/tblName
對錯誤的檢查是沒有破壞性的,這意味著你不必擔心執行對你的數據文件的檢查會使已經存在的問題變得更糟。另一方面,修復選項,雖然通常也是安全的,但是它對你的數據文件的更改是無法撤消的。因為這個原因,我們強烈推薦你試圖修復一個被破壞的表文件時首先做個備份,並確保在制作這個備份之前你的MySQL服務是關閉的。
在windows 2003下通過命令提示符,輸入:
注:此為記錄我當時操作的全部過程
- D:\Documents and Settings\Administrator>c:
- C:\>cd mysql
- C:\mysql>cd data
- C:\mysql\data>cd hw_enterprice
- C:\mysql\data\hw_enterprice>myisamchk function_products.frm
'myisamchk' 不是內部或外部命令,也不是可運行的程序或批處理文件。
- C:\mysql\data\hw_enterprice>cd\
- C:\>cd mysql
- C:\mysql>cd bin
注:查看myisamchk的幫助信息
- C:\mysql\bin>myisamchk
- myisamchk Ver 2.6 for Win95/Win98 at i32
- By Monty, for your professional use
- This software comes with NO WARRANTY: see the PUBLIC for details.
- Description, check and repair of ISAM tables.
- Used without options all tables on the command will be checked for errors
- Usage: myisamchk [OPTIONS] tables[.MYI]
- Global options:
- -#, --debug=... Output debug log. Often this is 'd:t:o,filename'
- -?, --help Display this help and exit.
- -O, --set-variable var=option
- Change the value of a variable. Please note that
- this option is deprecated; you can set variables
- directly with '--variable-name=value'.
- -t, --tmpdir=path Path for temporary files
- -s, --silent Only print errors. One can use two -s to make
- myisamchk very silent
- -v, --verbose Print more information. This can be used with
- --description and --check. Use many -v for more verbosity!
- -V, --version Print version and exit.
- -w, --wait Wait if table is locked.
- Check options (check is the default action for myisamchk):
- -c, --check Check table for errors
- -e, --extend-check Check the table VERY throughly. Only use this in
- extreme cases as myisamchk should normally be able to
- find out if the table is ok even without this switch
- -F, --fast Check only tables that haven't been closed properly
- -C, --check-only-changed
- Check only tables that have changed since last check
- -f, --force Restart with '-r' if there are any errors in the table.
- States will be updated as with '--update-state'
- -i, --information Print statistics information about table that is checked
- -m, --medium-check Faster than extend-check, but only finds 99.99% of
- all errors. Should be good enough for most cases
- -U --update-state Mark tables as crashed if you find any errors
- -T, --read-only Don't mark table as checked
- Repair options (When using '-r' or '-o')
- -B, --backup Make a backup of the .MYD file as 'filename-time.BAK'
- --correct-checksum Correct checksum information for table.
- -D, --data-file-length=# Max length of data file (when recreating data
- file when it's full)
- -e, --extend-check Try to recover every possible row from the data file
- Normally this will also find a lot of garbage rows;
- Don't use this option if you are not totally desperate.
- -f, --force Overwrite old temporary files.
- -k, --keys-used=# Tell MyISAM to update only some specific keys. # is a
- bit mask of which keys to use. This can be used to
- get faster inserts!
- -r, --recover Can fix almost anything except unique keys that aren't
- unique.
- -n, --sort-recover Forces recovering with sorting even if the temporary
- file would be very big.
- -p, --parallel-recover
- Uses the same technique as '-r' and '-n', but creates
- all the keys in parallel, in different threads.
- THIS IS ALPHA CODE. USE AT YOUR OWN RISK!
- -o, --safe-recover Uses old recovery method; Slower than '-r' but can
- handle a couple of cases where '-r' reports that it
- can't fix the data file.
- --character-sets-dir=...
- Directory where character sets are
- --set-character-set=name
- Change the character set used by the index
- -q, --quick Faster repair by not modifying the data file.
- One can give a second '-q' to force myisamchk to
- modify the original datafile in case of duplicate keys
- -u, --unpack Unpack file packed with myisampack.
- Other actions:
- -a, --analyze Analyze distribution of keys. Will make some joins in
- MySQL faster. You can check the calculated distribution
- by using '--description --verbose table_name'.
- -d, --description Prints some information about table.
- -A, --set-auto-increment[=value]
- Force auto_increment to start at this or higher value
- If no value is given, then sets the next auto_increment
- value to the highest used value for the auto key + 1.
- -S, --sort-index Sort index blocks. This speeds up 'read-next' in
- applications
- -R, --sort-records=#
- Sort records according to an index. This makes your
- data much more localized and may speed up things
- C:\mysql\bin>myisamchk c:\mysql\data\hw_enterprice\function_products.frm
- myisamchk: error: 'c:\mysql\data\hw_enterprice\function_products.frm' is not a M
- yISAM-table
- C:\mysql\bin>myisamchk c:\mysql\data\hw_enterprice\function_products.myi
- Checking MyISAM file: c:\mysql\data\hw_enterprice\function_products.myi
- Data records: 85207 Deleted blocks: 39
- myisamchk: warning: Table is marked as crashed
- myisamchk: warning: 1 clients is using or hasn't closed the table properly
- - check file-size
- - check key delete-chain
- - check record delete-chain
- myisamchk: error: record delete-link-chain corrupted
- - check index reference
- - check data record references index: 1
- - check data record references index: 2
- - check data record references index: 3
- - check record links
- myisamchk: error: Wrong bytesec: 0-195-171 at linkstart: 841908
- MyISAM-table 'c:\mysql\data\hw_enterprice\function_products.myi' is corrupted
- Fix it using switch "-r" or "-o"
繼續進行操作:
- C:\mysql\bin>myisamchk --recover --quick c:\mysql\data\hw_enterprice\function_p
- roducts.myi
- - check key delete-chain
- - check record delete-chain
- myisamchk: error: record delete-link-chain corrupted
- myisamchk: error: Quick-recover aborted; Run recovery without switch 'q'
- Updating MyISAM file: c:\mysql\data\hw_enterprice\function_products.myi
- MyISAM-table 'c:\mysql\data\hw_enterprice\function_products.myi' is not fixed be
- cause of errors
- Try fixing it by using the --safe-recover (-o) or the --force (-f) option
系統提示我使用--safe-recover (-o) or the --force (-f) option進行修復操作,於是
- C:\mysql\bin>myisamchk --safe-recover c:\mysql\data\hw_enterprice\function_prod
- ucts.myi
- - recovering (with keycache) MyISAM-table 'c:\mysql\data\hw_enterprice\function_
- products.myi'
- Data records: 85207
- Wrong bytesec: 0-195-171 at 841908; Skipped
- Data records: 85215
將修復後的物理文件復制到mysql\data下之後,通過phpMyAdmin進行訪問,OK正常!
本次數據修復操作成功,數據已被正常恢復,總計85215條記錄,其中恢復數據共計85207條。
總結本次經驗及查找資料,如下:
當你試圖修復一個被破壞的表的問題時,有三種修復類型。如果你得到一個錯誤信息指出一個臨時文件不能建立,刪除信息所指出的文件並再試一次--這通常是上一次修復操作遺留下來的。
這三種修復方法如下所示:
- % myisamchk --recover --quick /path/to/tblName
- % myisamchk --recover /path/to/tblName
- % myisamchk --safe-recover /path/to/tblName
第一種是最快的,用來修復最普通的問題;而最後一種是最慢的,用來修復一些其它方法所不能修復的問題。
檢查和修復MySQL數據文件
如果上面的方法無法修復一個被損壞的表,在你放棄之前,你還可以試試下面這兩個技巧:
如果你懷疑表的索引文件(*.MYI)發生了不可修復的錯誤,甚至是丟失了這個文件,你可以使用數據文件(*.MYD)和數據格式文件(*.frm)重新生成它。首先制作一個數據文件(tblName.MYD)的拷貝。重啟你的MySQL服務並連接到這個服務上,使用下面的命令刪除表的內容:mysql> DELETE FROM tblName;
在刪除表的內容的同時,會建立一個新的索引文件。退出登錄並重新關閉服務,然後用你剛才保存的數據文件(tblName.MYD)覆蓋新的(空)數據文件。最後,使用myisamchk執行標准的修復(上面的第二種方法),根據表的數據的內容和表的格式文件重新生成索引數據。
如果你的表的格式文件(tblName.frm)丟失了或者是發生了不可修復的錯誤,但是你清楚如何使用相應的CREATE TABLE語句來重新生成這張表,你可以重新生成一個新的.frm文件並和你的數據文件和索引文件(如果索引文件有問題,使用上面的方法重建一個新的)一起使用。首先制作一個數據和索引文件的拷貝,然後刪除原來的文件(刪除數據目錄下有關這個表的所有記錄)。
啟動MySQL服務並使用當初的CREATE TABLE文件建立一個新的表。新的.frm文件應該可以正常工作了,但是最好你還是執行一下標准的修復(上面的第二種方法)。
關於MySQL數據庫.frm .MYD .MYI損壞的修復方法就介紹到這裡了,希望本次的介紹能夠給您帶來一些收獲!