mysql二進制非root用戶安裝後啟動mysqld的路徑不對的問題
一、非root用戶安裝二進制mysql分發版
創建用戶
>useradd fc
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>passwd fc
enter password:
...
以fc登錄，上傳二進制mysql版本，我的是mysql 32位的mysql-5.1.57-linux-i686-glibc23.tar.gz
解壓後，創建權限表
]$ scripts/mysql_install_db --basedir=/home/fc/app/mysql --datadir=/home/fc/app/mysql/data/3307 --user=fc
(注意：後面的參數一定要指定 ，另外最好是 scripts/mysql_install_db 這樣一起運行，官方文檔也是這樣，免得出錯，後面就有這個原因導致啟動出錯的)
權限表也初始化完了，然後就是指定配置文件my.cnf 我放在$HOME目錄下：
[python]
# Example MySQL config file for medium systems.
# www.2cto.com
# This is for a system with little memory (32M - 64M) where MySQL plays
# an important part, or systems up to 128M where MySQL is used together with
# other programs (such as a web server)
#
# MySQL programs look for option files in a set of
# locations which depend on the deployment platform.
# You can copy this option file to one of those
# locations. For information about these locations, see:
# http://dev.mysql.com/doc/mysql/en/option-files.html
#
# In this file, you can use all long options that a program supports.
# If you want to know which options a program supports, run the program
# with the "--help" option.
# The following options will be passed to all MySQL clients
[client]
#password = your_password
port = 3307
socket = /home/fc/app/mysql/tmp/3307/mysql.sock
# Here follows entries for some specific programs
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# The MySQL server
[mysqld]
character-set-server = utf8
port = 3307
socket = /home/fc/app/mysql/tmp/3307/mysql.sock
skip-external-locking
basedir = /home/fc/app/mysql
datadir = /home/fc/app/mysql/data/3307/
log-error = /home/fc/log/3307/mysqld.err
pid-file = /home/fc/app/mysql/tmp/3307/mysql.pid
key_buffer_size = 16M
max_allowed_packet = 1M
table_open_cache = 64
sort_buffer_size = 512K
net_buffer_length = 8K
read_buffer_size = 256K
read_rnd_buffer_size = 512K
myisam_sort_buffer_size = 8M
max_connections=200
slow_query_log = 1 #{0|1 off|on}
slow_query_log_file = /home/fc/log/3307/mysql-slow.log
long_query_time=1
#不經常更新的表查詢，緩存查詢
query_cache_type = 1
query_cache_size = 10M
general_log = 0
general_log_file = /home/fc/log/3307/mysql.log
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query_cache_size = 8M
#skip-networking
skip-name-resolve
skip-innodb-checksums
# Replication Master Server (default)
# binary logging is required for replication
log-bin=/home/fc/log/3307/mysql-bin
# binary logging format - mixed recommended
binlog_format=mixed
binlog_cache_size = 1M
max_binlog_cache_size = 4096M
expire-logs-days = 8
sync_binlog=20
# Uncomment the following if you are using InnoDB tables
innodb_data_home_dir = /home/fc/data/3307/
innodb_data_file_path = ibdata1:10M:autoextend
innodb_log_group_home_dir = /home/fc/data/3307/
innodb_buffer_pool_size = 800M
sort_buffer_size = 5M
tmp_table_size = 64M
innodb_additional_mem_pool_size = 32M
innodb_autoextend_increment = 64 # 默認單位為 MB
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innodb_thread_concurrency = 8
innodb_log_file_size = 200M
innodb_log_buffer_size = 8M
default-storage-engine=innodb
innodb_flush_log_at_trx_commit = 1
# Set .._log_file_size to 25 % of buffer pool size
#innodb_log_file_size = 5M
#innodb_log_buffer_size = 8M
#innodb_flush_log_at_trx_commit = 1
#innodb_lock_wait_timeout = 50
innodb_flush_log_at_trx_commit = 2
[mysqldump]
quick
max_allowed_packet = 16M
[mysqld_safe]
log-error=/home/fc/app/mysql/log/3307/mysqld.log
pid-file=/home/fc/app/mysql/tmp/3307/mysql.pid
[mysql]
no-auto-rehash
port = 3307
socket = /home/fc/app/mysql/tmp/3307/mysql.sock
# Remove the next comment character if you are not familiar with SQL
#safe-updates
[myisamchk]
key_buffer_size = 20M
sort_buffer_size = 20M
read_buffer = 2M
write_buffer = 2M
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[mysqlhotcopy]
interactive-timeout
好了，一切都准備好了，可以啟動了
二、啟動mysqld進程
進入basedir目錄fc/app/mysql
mysql]$ cd bin
bin]$ mysqld_safe --defaults-file=~/my.cnf &
啟動成功了，查看進程
ps -ef | grep mysqld 發現問題了
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fc 7780 7582 24 16:42 pts/10 00:00:00 /usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqld --defaults-file=~/my.cnf --basedir=/home/fc/app/mysql --datadir=/home/fc/app/mysql/data/3307/ --log-error=/home/fc/app/mysql/log/3307/mysqld.log --pid-file=/home/fc/app/mysql/tmp/3307/mysql.pid --socket=/home/fc/app/mysql/tmp/3307/mysql.sock --port=3307
發現沒有，雖然進入的fc/app/mysql/bin目錄下啟動的mysqld程序，但是查找進程時候卻是運行的/usr/lcoal/mysql下的mysqld，這是為什麼呢？
查找了很久的參數，都發現沒有配置錯誤，始終不得其解，如是換了種啟動方式：
進入base目錄fc/app/mysql
mysql]$ bin/msyqld_safe --defaults-file=~/my.cnf &
這樣啟動後再查找mysqld進程，一切就正常了，這是為什麼呢？
我自己想的原因可能是：
mysqld_safe本身就是mysqld的守護進程，它本身也是一個shell腳本，在腳本中，默認的basedir就是：usr/local/mysql，我們在啟動mysqld的時候如果進入了bin目錄，則在這個守護進程中是找不到該目錄的，如是就去自動匹配/usr/local/mysql/這個目錄，剛好我也在這個目錄之前裝過mysql，於是系統就自動匹配了這個mysqld程序，運行起來了。
我們查看下mysqld_safe的一段shell代碼：
[python]
MY_PWD=`pwd`
# Check for the directories we would expect from a binary release install
if test -n "$MY_BASEDIR_VERSION" -a -d "$MY_BASEDIR_VERSION"
then
# BASEDIR is already overridden on command line. Do not re-set.
# Use BASEDIR to discover le.
if test -x "$MY_BASEDIR_VERSION/libexec/mysqld"
then
ledir="$MY_BASEDIR_VERSION/libexec"
elif test -x "$MY_BASEDIR_VERSION/sbin/mysqld"
then
ledir="$MY_BASEDIR_VERSION/sbin"
else
ledir="$MY_BASEDIR_VERSION/bin"
fi www.2cto.com
elif test -f "$relpkgdata"/english/errmsg.sys -a -x "$MY_PWD/bin/mysqld"
then
MY_BASEDIR_VERSION="$MY_PWD" # Where bin, share and data are
ledir="$MY_PWD/bin" # Where mysqld is
# Check for the directories we would expect from a source install
elif test -f "$relpkgdata"/english/errmsg.sys -a -x "$MY_PWD/libexec/mysqld"
then
MY_BASEDIR_VERSION="$MY_PWD" # Where libexec, share and var are
ledir="$MY_PWD/libexec" # Where mysqld is
elif test -f "$relpkgdata"/english/errmsg.sys -a -x "$MY_PWD/sbin/mysqld"
then
MY_BASEDIR_VERSION="$MY_PWD" # Where sbin, share and var are
ledir="$MY_PWD/sbin" # Where mysqld is
# Since we didn't find anything, used the compiled-in defaults
else
MY_BASEDIR_VERSION='/usr/local/mysql'
ledir='/usr/local/mysql/bin'
fi
如果我們進入了bin目錄：
ledir 跑到 else
MY_BASEDIR_VERSION='/usr/local/mysql'
ledir='/usr/local/mysql/bin'
正常的情況下應該是："$MY_PWD/bin/mysqld"
問題是沒有cd到 mysql basedir 的情況下，mysql會從/usr/loca/mysql/bin/mysqld啟動
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PS：附連接的問題
由於我們啟動是按照socket啟動的，所以我們在連接時候如果使用的是localhost或者缺省的狀態去連接mysql，則我們連接必須使用指定的socket全路徑去連接。不然系統會默認的去尋找/tmp/mysql.socket這個，找不到則報錯；
當然我們還可以使用-h 127.0.0.1 的方式來連接，這樣就不需要指定 -S socket路徑了；
mysql連接的方式有2種，一種是通過socket，一種是通過tcp/ip連接
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作者 林志
