JDBC數據庫的應用操作總結。本站提示廣大學習愛好者:(JDBC數據庫的應用操作總結)文章只能為提供參考,不一定能成為您想要的結果。以下是JDBC數據庫的應用操作總結正文
JDBC是一組可以或許履行SQL語句的API
因為傳統的數據庫操作方法須要法式員控制各個分歧的數據庫的API,極端未便
是以java界說了JDBC這一尺度的接口和類,為法式員操作數據庫供給了同一的方法
JDBC的操作方法比擬單一,由五個流程構成:
1.經由過程數據庫廠商供給的JDBC類庫向DriverManager注冊數據庫驅動
2.應用DriverManager供給的getConnection()辦法銜接到數據庫
3.經由過程數據庫的銜接對象的createStatement辦法樹立SQL語句對象
4.履行SQL語句,並將成果聚集前往到ResultSet中
5.應用while輪回讀取成果
6.封閉數據庫資本
上面來看看詳細操作Mysql數據庫的辦法
預備任務
起首我們須要樹立一個數據庫和一張簡略的表
mysql> create database person;
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.00 sec)
mysql> use person;
Database changed
mysql> create table student(
-> id int,
-> name varchar(20),
-> birth year
-> ) default charset=utf8;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.10 sec)
然後往外面拔出幾條數據
mysql> insert into student values
-> (1,'張三',1990),
-> (2,'李四',1991),
-> (3,'王五',1992);
Query OK, 3 rows affected (0.02 sec)
Records: 3 Duplicates: 0 Warnings: 0
如許一張簡略的表就建好了
mysql> select * from student;
+------+--------+-------+
| id | name | birth |
+------+--------+-------+
| 1 | 張三 | 1990 |
| 2 | 李四 | 1991 |
| 3 | 王五 | 1992 |
+------+--------+-------+
rows in set (0.00 sec)
接上去,去mysql官網下載數據庫銜接器這個包
個中這個包外面含有一份文檔,外面羅列了根本的應用辦法,可以參考
我們的操作也是依照這份文檔中的內容停止,然後最重要的處所就是導入這個jar包
為了操作便利,這裡應用eclipse來導入
右鍵項目-->構件途徑-->添加內部歸檔,添加好了以後以下所示
如今我們正式開端應用java來操作mysql數據庫
JDBC操作實例1:最簡略的查詢操作
import java.sql.*;
public class Demo {
//為了代碼緊湊性,臨時拋出一切異常
public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
//注冊數據庫驅動
Class.forName("com.mysql.jdbc.Driver");
//樹立數據庫銜接
//參數一:jdbc:mysql//地址:端口/數據庫,參數二:用戶名,參數三:暗碼
Connection conn = DriverManager.getConnection
("jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/person","root","admin");
//創立SQL語句
Statement st = conn.createStatement();
//履行語句,前往成果
ResultSet rt = st.executeQuery("show tables");
//輪回掏出成果
while(rt.next()) {
//獲得字段
System.out.println(rt.getString("Tables_in_person"));
}
//封閉資本,最早翻開的最初關
rt.close();
st.close();
conn.close();
}
}
運轉成果:student
如斯即可履行show tables語句查詢出以後數據庫含有若干張表
個中rt.getString()辦法是獲得字段,這點須要留意
封閉資本的方法也與以往相反
不外,下面的操作方法靈巧性不年夜,而且不嚴謹
實例2:優化的查詢操作
import java.sql.Connection;
import java.sql.DriverManager;
import java.sql.ResultSet;
import java.sql.SQLException;
import java.sql.Statement;
public class Demo {
public static void main(String[] args) {
String url = "jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/person";
String user = "root";
String pwd = "admin";
String sql = "select * from student";
Connection conn = null;
Statement st = null;
ResultSet rs = null;
try {
Class.forName("com.mysql.jdbc.Driver");
conn = DriverManager.getConnection(url,user,pwd);
st = conn.createStatement();
//履行查詢語句,別的也能夠用execute(),代表履行任何SQL語句
rs = st.executeQuery(sql);
while(rs.next()) {
System.out.println(rs.getObject(1) + " " +
rs.getObject(2) + " " + rs.getInt("birth"));
}
//分離捕捉異常
} catch (ClassNotFoundException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
} catch (SQLException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
} finally {
try {
//斷定資本能否存在
if(rs != null) {
rs.close();
//顯示的設置為空,提醒gc收受接管
rs = null;
}
if(st != null) {
st.close();
st = null;
}
if(conn != null) {
conn.close();
conn = null;
}
} catch (SQLException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
}
}
運轉成果:
這裡把異常給分離捕捉了,而且相干的字符串全體用變量界說
須要留意下輪回掏出數據外面的getInt()辦法,此處必需曉得類型和字段能力掏出
假如不曉得可使用getObject(1)掏出第一列,getObject(2)掏出第二列,以此類推
實例3:自界說變量拔出到數據庫
import java.sql.Connection;
import java.sql.DriverManager;
import java.sql.SQLException;
import java.sql.Statement;
public class Demo {
public static void main(String[] args) {
//參數檢討
if (args.length != 3) {
System.out.println("參數情勢纰謬");
System.exit(0);
}
String id = args[0];
String name = args[1];
String birth = args[2];
String sql = "insert into student values(" + id + ",'" + name +
"'," + "'" + birth + "')";
System.out.println(sql);
String url = "jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/person";
String user = "root";
String pwd = "admin";
Connection conn = null;
Statement st = null;
try {
Class.forName("com.mysql.jdbc.Driver");
conn = DriverManager.getConnection(url,user,pwd);
st = conn.createStatement();
//留意,此處是excuteUpdate()辦法履行
st.executeUpdate(sql);
//分離捕捉異常
} catch (ClassNotFoundException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
} catch (SQLException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
} finally {
try {
if(st != null) {
st.close();
st = null;
}
if(conn != null) {
conn.close();
conn = null;
}
} catch (SQLException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
}
}
運轉成果:
這裡運轉須要設置自變量,窗口中右鍵-->運轉方法-->運轉設置裝備擺設
然後在自變量外面寫4 susan 1993,我沒有寫中文,由於發生亂碼,今朝還不清晰緣由
須要留意的是,履行拔出的SQL語句比擬難寫,最好是打印出SQL語句用以檢討
實例4:PreparedStatement運用
從下面的Demo可以看到,拔出數據的時刻,SQL操作相當未便
這裡可使用PreparedStatement對象來簡化SQL語句的樹立
import java.sql.Connection;
import java.sql.DriverManager;
import java.sql.PreparedStatement;
import java.sql.SQLException;
public class Demo {
public static void main(String[] args) {
if (args.length != 3) {
System.out.println("參數情勢纰謬");
System.exit(0);
}
String id = args[0];
String name = args[1];
String birth = args[2];
String url = "jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/person";
String user = "root";
String pwd = "admin";
Connection conn = null;
//聲明PreparedStatement對象的援用
PreparedStatement pst = null;
try {
Class.forName("com.mysql.jdbc.Driver");
conn = DriverManager.getConnection(url,user,pwd);
//應用?取代變量
pst = conn.prepareStatement("insert into student values (?,?,?)");
//給指定參數的地位設定變量
pst.setString(1, id);
pst.setString(2, name);
pst.setString(3, birth);
pst.executeUpdate();
} catch (ClassNotFoundException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
} catch (SQLException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
} finally {
try {
if(pst != null) {
pst.close();
pst = null;
}
if(conn != null) {
conn.close();
conn = null;
}
} catch (SQLException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
}
}
運轉成果:
實例5:Batch批處置
import java.sql.Connection;
import java.sql.DriverManager;
import java.sql.SQLException;
import java.sql.Statement;
public class Demo {
public static void main(String[] args) {
String url = "jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/person";
String user = "root";
String pwd = "admin";
Connection conn = null;
Statement st = null;
try {
Class.forName("com.mysql.jdbc.Driver");
conn = DriverManager.getConnection(url,user,pwd);
st = conn.createStatement();
//添加批處置
st.addBatch("insert into student values(6,'Jerry','1995')");
st.addBatch("insert into student values(7,'Greg','1996')");
st.addBatch("insert into student values(8,'Ryan','1997')");
//履行批處置
st.executeBatch();
} catch (ClassNotFoundException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
} catch (SQLException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
} finally {
try {
if(st != null) {
st.close();
st = null;
}
if(conn != null) {
conn.close();
conn = null;
}
} catch (SQLException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
}
}
運轉成果:
批處置比擬簡略,只需先樹立Statement對象,然後逐一添加批處置便可
最初應用executeBatch()辦法履行批處置
另外,PreparedStatement對象也能夠應用批處置
PreparedStatement ps = conn.prepareStatement("insert into student values(?,?,?)");
ps.setInt(1,8);
ps.setString(2,"GG");
ps.setString(3,"1996");
ps.addBatch();
ps.executeBatch();
實例6:Transaction事務處置
事務處置是請求sql以單位的情勢更新數據庫,請求其確保分歧性
如銀行的轉賬營業,一方轉出後,另外一方則增長
假如湧現異常,那末一切的操作則會回滾
import java.sql.Connection;
import java.sql.DriverManager;
import java.sql.SQLException;
import java.sql.Statement;
public class Demo {
public static void main(String[] args) {
String url = "jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/person";
String user = "root";
String pwd = "admin";
Connection conn = null;
Statement st = null;
try {
Class.forName("com.mysql.jdbc.Driver");
conn = DriverManager.getConnection(url,user,pwd);
//撤消主動提交
conn.setAutoCommit(false);
st = conn.createStatement();
st.addBatch("insert into student values(6,'Jerry','1995')");
st.addBatch("insert into student values(7,'Greg','1996')");
st.addBatch("insert into student values(8,'Ryan','1997')");
st.executeBatch();
//提交後設置主動提交
conn.commit();
conn.setAutoCommit(true);
} catch (ClassNotFoundException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
} catch (SQLException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
if(conn != null) {
try {
//湧現異常則回滾操作,然後設置主動提交
conn.rollback();
conn.setAutoCommit(true);
} catch (SQLException e1) {
e1.printStackTrace();
}
}
} finally {
try {
if(st != null) {
st.close();
st = null;
}
if(conn != null) {
conn.close();
conn = null;
}
} catch (SQLException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
}
}
運轉成果: