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mysql數據庫中CASE WHEN語句。
case when語句,用於盤算前提列表並前往多個能夠成果表達式之一。
CASE 具有兩種格局:
簡略 CASE 函數將某個表達式與一組簡略表達式停止比擬以肯定成果。
CASE 搜刮函數盤算一組布爾表達式以肯定成果。
兩種格局都支撐可選的 ELSE 參數。
語法
簡略 CASE 函數:
CASE input_expression
WHEN when_expression THEN result_expression
[ ...n ]
[
ELSE else_result_expression
END
CASE 搜刮函數:
CASE
WHEN Boolean_expression THEN result_expression
[ ...n ]
[
ELSE else_result_expression
END
參數
input_expression
是應用簡略 CASE 格局時所盤算的表達式。Input_expression 是任何有用的 Microsoft? SQL Server? 表達式。
WHEN when_expression
應用簡略 CASE 格局時 input_expression 所比擬的簡略表達式。When_expression 是隨意率性有用的 SQL Server 表達式。Input_expression 和每一個 when_expression 的數據類型必需雷同,或許是隱性轉換。
占位符,注解可使用多個 WHEN when_expression THEN result_expression 子句或 WHEN Boolean_expression THEN result_expression 子句。
THEN result_expression
當 input_expression = when_expression 取值為 TRUE,或許 Boolean_expression 取值為 TRUE 時前往的表達式。
result expression 是隨意率性有用的 SQL Server 表達式。
ELSE else_result_expression
當比擬運算取值不為 TRUE 時前往的表達式。假如省略此參數而且比擬運算取值不為 TRUE,CASE 將前往 NULL 值。Else_result_expression 是隨意率性有用的 SQL Server 表達式。Else_result_expression 和一切 result_expression 的數據類型必需雷同,或許必需是隱性轉換。
WHEN Boolean_expression
應用 CASE 搜刮格局時所盤算的布爾表達式。Boolean_expression 是隨意率性有用的布爾表達式。
成果類型
從 result_expressions 和可選 else_result_expression 的類型聚集中前往最高的優先規矩類型。有關更多信息,請拜見數據類型的優先次序。
成果值
簡略 CASE 函數:
盤算 input_expression,然後按指定次序對每一個 WHEN 子句的 input_expression = when_expression 停止盤算。
前往第一個取值為 TRUE 的 (input_expression = when_expression) 的 result_expression。
假如沒有取值為 TRUE 的 input_expression = when_expression,則當指定 ELSE 子句時 SQL Server 將前往 else_result_expression;若沒有指定 ELSE 子句,則前往 NULL 值。
CASE 搜刮函數:
按指定次序為每一個 WHEN 子句的 Boolean_expression 求值。
前往第一個取值為 TRUE 的 Boolean_expression 的 result_expression。
假如沒有取值為 TRUE 的 Boolean_expression,則當指定 ELSE 子句時 SQL Server 將前往 else_result_expression;若沒有指定 ELSE 子句,則前往 NULL 值。
上面分享一些mysql case when語句的例子。
A. 應用帶有簡略 CASE 函數的 SELECT 語句
在 SELECT 語句中,簡略 CASE 函數僅檢討能否相等,而不停止其它比擬。
例子,應用 CASE 函數更改圖書分類顯示。
USE pubs
GO
SELECT Category =
CASE type
WHEN 'popular_comp' THEN 'Popular Computing'
WHEN 'mod_cook' THEN 'Modern Cooking'
WHEN 'business' THEN 'Business'
WHEN 'psychology' THEN 'Psychology'
WHEN 'trad_cook' THEN 'Traditional Cooking'
ELSE 'Not yet categorized'
END,
CAST(title AS varchar(25)) AS 'Shortened Title',
price AS Price
FROM titles
WHERE price IS NOT NULL
ORDER BY type, price
COMPUTE AVG(price) BY type
GO
正文,後來我試了一下不讓用category=。
我應用的代碼為:
SELECT
case gender
WHEN 1 THEN 'NAN'
WHEN 0 THEN 'NV'
end as gender
FROM
t_swidy_day_nutrient
成果集:
Category Shortened Title Price
------------------- ------------------------- --------------------------
Business You Can Combat Computer S 2.99
Business Cooking with Computers: S 11.95
Business The Busy Executive's Data 19.99
Business Straight Talk About Compu 19.99
avg
==========================
13.73
Category Shortened Title Price
------------------- ------------------------- --------------------------
Modern Cooking The Gourmet Microwave 2.99
Modern Cooking Silicon Valley Gastronomi 19.99
avg
==========================
11.49
Category Shortened Title Price
------------------- ------------------------- --------------------------
Popular Computing Secrets of Silicon Valley 20.00
Popular Computing But Is It User Friendly? 22.95
avg
==========================
21.48
Category Shortened Title Price
------------------- ------------------------- --------------------------
Psychology Life Without Fear 7.00
Psychology Emotional Security: A New 7.99
Psychology Is Anger the Enemy? 10.95
Psychology Prolonged Data Deprivatio 19.99
Psychology Computer Phobic AND Non-P 21.59
avg
==========================
13.50
Category Shortened Title Price
------------------- ------------------------- --------------------------
Traditional Cooking Fifty Years in Buckingham 11.95
Traditional Cooking Sushi, Anyone? 14.99
Traditional Cooking Onions, Leeks, and Garlic 20.95
avg
==========================
15.96
(21 row(s) affected)
B. 應用帶有簡略 CASE 函數和 CASE 搜刮函數的
SELECT 語句
在 SELECT 語句中,CASE 搜刮函數許可依據比擬值在成果集內對值停止調換。
例子:依據圖書的價錢規模將價錢(money 列)顯示為文本正文。
USE pubs
GO
SELECT 'Price Category' =
CASE
WHEN price IS NULL THEN 'Not yet priced'
WHEN price < 10 THEN 'Very Reasonable Title'
WHEN price >= 10 and price < 20 THEN 'Coffee Table Title'
ELSE 'Expensive book!'
END,
CAST(title AS varchar(20)) AS 'Shortened Title'
FROM titles
ORDER BY price
GO
成果集:
Price Category Shortened Title
--------------------- --------------------
Not yet priced Net Etiquette
Not yet priced The Psychology of Co
Very Reasonable Title The Gourmet Microwav
Very Reasonable Title You Can Combat Compu
Very Reasonable Title Life Without Fear
Very Reasonable Title Emotional Security:
Coffee Table Title Is Anger the Enemy?
Coffee Table Title Cooking with Compute
Coffee Table Title Fifty Years in Bucki
Coffee Table Title Sushi, Anyone?
Coffee Table Title Prolonged Data Depri
Coffee Table Title Silicon Valley Gastr
Coffee Table Title Straight Talk About
Coffee Table Title The Busy Executive's
Expensive book! Secrets of Silicon V
Expensive book! Onions, Leeks, and G
Expensive book! Computer Phobic And
Expensive book! But Is It User Frien
(18 row(s) affected)
C. 應用帶有 SUBSTRING 和 SELECT 的 CASE 函數
例子,應用 CASE 和 THEN 生成一個有關作者、圖書標識號和每一個作者所著圖書類型的列表。
USE pubs
SELECT SUBSTRING((RTRIM(a.au_fname) + ' '+
RTRIM(a.au_lname) + ' '), 1, 25) AS Name, a.au_id, ta.title_id,
Type =
CASE
WHEN SUBSTRING(ta.title_id, 1, 2) = 'BU' THEN 'Business'
WHEN SUBSTRING(ta.title_id, 1, 2) = 'MC' THEN 'Modern Cooking'
WHEN SUBSTRING(ta.title_id, 1, 2) = 'PC' THEN 'Popular Computing'
WHEN SUBSTRING(ta.title_id, 1, 2) = 'PS' THEN 'Psychology'
WHEN SUBSTRING(ta.title_id, 1, 2) = 'TC' THEN 'Traditional Cooking'
END
FROM titleauthor ta JOIN authors a ON ta.au_id = a.au_id
成果集:
Name au_id title_id Type
------------------------- ----------- -------- -------------------
Johnson White 172-32-1176 PS3333 Psychology
Marjorie Green 213-46-8915 BU1032 Business
Marjorie Green 213-46-8915 BU2075 Business
Cheryl Carson 238-95-7766 PC1035 Popular Computing
Michael O'Leary 267-41-2394 BU1111 Business
Michael O'Leary 267-41-2394 TC7777 Traditional Cooking
Dean Straight 274-80-9391 BU7832 Business
Abraham Bennet 409-56-7008 BU1032 Business
Ann Dull 427-17-2319 PC8888 Popular Computing
Burt Gringlesby 472-27-2349 TC7777 Traditional Cooking
Charlene Locksley 486-29-1786 PC9999 Popular Computing
Charlene Locksley 486-29-1786 PS7777 Psychology
Reginald Blotchet-Halls 648-92-1872 TC4203 Traditional Cooking
Akiko Yokomoto 672-71-3249 TC7777 Traditional Cooking
Innes del Castillo 712-45-1867 MC2222 Modern Cooking
Michel DeFrance 722-51-5454 MC3021 Modern Cooking
Stearns MacFeather 724-80-9391 BU1111 Business
Stearns MacFeather 724-80-9391 PS1372 Psychology
Livia Karsen 756-30-7391 PS1372 Psychology
Sylvia Panteley 807-91-6654 TC3218 Traditional Cooking
Sheryl Hunter 846-92-7186 PC8888 Popular Computing
Anne Ringer 899-46-2035 MC3021 Modern Cooking
Anne Ringer 899-46-2035 PS2091 Psychology
Albert Ringer 998-72-3567 PS2091 Psychology
Albert Ringer 998-72-3567 PS2106 Psychology
(25 row(s) affected)
CASE 能夠是 SQL 中被誤用最多的症結字之一。
固然,能夠之前用過這個症結字來創立字段,然則它還具有更多用法。
例如,可以在 WHERE 子句中應用 CASE。
起首,來看下 CASE 的語法。在普通的 SELECT 中,其語法以下:
SELECT <myColumnSpec> =
CASE
WHEN <A> THEN <somethingA>
WHEN <B> THEN <somethingB>
ELSE <somethingE>
END
以上代碼,須要器具體的參數取代尖括號中的內容。
例子:
USE pubs
GO
SELECT
Title,
'Price Range' =
CASE
WHEN price IS NULL THEN 'Unpriced'
WHEN price < 10 THEN 'Bargain'
WHEN price BETWEEN 10 and 20 THEN 'Average'
ELSE 'Gift to impress relatives'
END
FROM titles
ORDER BY price
GO
這是 CASE 的典范用法,然則應用 CASE 其實可以做更多的工作。
比喻說上面的 GROUP BY 子句中的 CASE:
SELECT 'Number of Titles', Count(*)
FROM titles
GROUP BY
CASE
WHEN price IS NULL THEN 'Unpriced'
WHEN price < 10 THEN 'Bargain'
WHEN price BETWEEN 10 and 20 THEN 'Average'
ELSE 'Gift to impress relatives'
END
GO
乃至還可以組合這些選項,添加一個 ORDER BY 子句,例如:
USE pubs
GO
SELECT
CASE
WHEN price IS NULL THEN 'Unpriced'
WHEN price < 10 THEN 'Bargain'
WHEN price BETWEEN 10 and 20 THEN 'Average'
ELSE 'Gift to impress relatives'
END AS Range,
Title
FROM titles
GROUP BY
CASE
WHEN price IS NULL THEN 'Unpriced'
WHEN price < 10 THEN 'Bargain'
WHEN price BETWEEN 10 and 20 THEN 'Average'
ELSE 'Gift to impress relatives'
END,
Title
ORDER BY
CASE
WHEN price IS NULL THEN 'Unpriced'
WHEN price < 10 THEN 'Bargain'
WHEN price BETWEEN 10 and 20 THEN 'Average'
ELSE 'Gift to impress relatives'
END,
Title
GO
留意,為了在 GROUP BY 塊中應用 CASE,查詢語句須要在 GROUP BY 塊中反復 SELECT 塊中的 CASE 塊。
除選擇自界說字段以外,在許多情形下 CASE 都異常有效。
略加深刻,還可以獲得之前以為弗成能獲得的分組排序成果集。
應用CASE WHEN停止字符串調換處置