Linux下安裝配置MySQL。本站提示廣大學習愛好者：（Linux下安裝配置MySQL）文章只能為提供參考，不一定能成為您想要的結果。以下是Linux下安裝配置MySQL正文
作者：Tomas曼
mysql最流行的關系型數據庫之一，目前隸屬於oracle公司，因體積小、速度快、總體擁有成本低，開放源代碼這一特點，所以是我們日常開發的首選。下面我們來看看如何在Linux下安裝配置MySQL系統:Ubuntu 16.04LTS
1\官網下載mysql-5.7.18-linux-glibc2.5-x86_64.tar.gz
2\建立工作組:
$su #groupadd mysql #useradd -r -g mysql mysql
3\創建目錄
#mkdir /usr/local/mysql #mkdir /usr/local/mysql/data
4\解壓mysql-5.7.18-linux-glibc2.5-x86_64.tar.gz,並拷貝至/usr/local/mysql
#tar -zxvf mysql-5.7.18-linux-glibc2.5-x86_64.tar.gz #cp -r /home/jieyamulu/mysql-5.7.18-linux-glibc2.5-x86_64/* /usr/local/mysql
5\修改mysql用戶對mysql以下及其子文件夾以下文件的權限,修改後可使用ll查看權限
root@Ice-***:/usr/local# chown -R mysql:mysql mysql root@Ice-***:/usr/local# ll 總用量 44 drwxr-xr-x 11 root root 4096 5月 19 07:39 ./ drwxr-xr-x 11 root root 4096 2月 16 04:30 ../ drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 4096 2月 16 04:19 bin/ drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 4096 2月 16 04:19 etc/ drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 4096 2月 16 04:19 games/ drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 4096 2月 16 04:19 include/ drwxr-xr-x 4 root root 4096 2月 16 04:23 lib/ lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 9 3月 29 14:11 man -> share/man/ drwxr-xr-x 10 mysql mysql 4096 5月 19 07:48 mysql/ drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 4096 2月 16 04:19 sbin/ drwxr-xr-x 8 root root 4096 2月 16 04:34 share/ drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 4096 2月 16 04:19 src/ root@Ice-***:/usr/local# cd mysql/ root@Ice-***:/usr/local/mysql# ll 總用量 64 drwxr-xr-x 10 mysql mysql 4096 5月 19 07:48 ./ drwxr-xr-x 11 root root 4096 5月 19 07:39 ../ drwxr-xr-x 2 mysql mysql 4096 5月 19 07:48 bin/ -rw-r--r-- 1 mysql mysql 17987 5月 19 07:48 COPYING drwxr-xr-x 2 mysql mysql 4096 5月 19 07:41 data/ drwxr-xr-x 2 mysql mysql 4096 5月 19 07:48 docs/ drwxr-xr-x 3 mysql mysql 4096 5月 19 07:48 include/ drwxr-xr-x 5 mysql mysql 4096 5月 19 07:48 lib/ drwxr-xr-x 4 mysql mysql 4096 5月 19 07:48 man/ -rw-r--r-- 1 mysql mysql 2478 5月 19 07:48 README drwxr-xr-x 28 mysql mysql 4096 5月 19 07:48 share/ drwxr-xr-x 2 mysql mysql 4096 5月 19 07:48 support-files/
6\修改(或新建)/etc/my.cnf 配置文件
root@Ice-***:/usr/local/mysql# vim /etc/my.cnf [mysqld] basedir=/usr/local/mysql/ datadir=/usr/local/mysql/data :wq
7\最關鍵的初始化
# cd /usr/local/mysql/ root@Ice-***:/usr/local/mysql# ./bin/mysqld --user=mysql --basedir=/usr/local/mysql --datadir=/usr/local/mysql/data --initialize 2017-05-19T00:15:46.529420Z 0 [Warning] TIMESTAMP with implicit DEFAULT value is deprecated. Please use --explicit_defaults_for_timestamp server option (see documentation for more details). 2017-05-19T00:15:47.066125Z 0 [Warning] InnoDB: New log files created, LSN=45790 2017-05-19T00:15:47.213711Z 0 [Warning] InnoDB: Creating foreign key constraint system tables. 2017-05-19T00:15:47.286951Z 0 [Warning] No existing UUID has been found, so we assume that this is the first time that this server has been started. Generating a new UUID: 4e958344-3c28-11e7-8334-c8d3ffd2db82. 2017-05-19T00:15:47.292857Z 0 [Warning] Gtid table is not ready to be used. Table 'mysql.gtid_executed' cannot be opened. 2017-05-19T00:15:47.294758Z 1 [Note] A temporary password is generated for root@localhost: YjaotQk*2ew4
初始密碼要記住
這裡可能會出現很多問題,比如:
Installing MySQL system tables..../bin/mysqld: error while loading shared libraries: libaio.so.1: cannot open shared object file: No such file or directory
缺少依賴關系包
解決方法:sudo apt-get install libaio-dev
還有可能是之前步驟不對導致了操作data文件的權限不夠等等.按照步驟來,缺少什麼裝什麼(有提示),到了這裡應該就初始化成功了,那幾個Warning,值得注意的是Gtid table is not ready to be used. Table 'mysql.gtid_executed' cannot be opened.有時間可以查下是怎麼回事,這條忽略也沒影響.
8\不要著急啟動,現在還啟動不了.執行代碼,將mysql下除了data文件夾外的文件變為root權限
root@Ice-***:/usr/local/mysql# chown -R root . root@Ice-***:/usr/local/mysql# chown -R mysql data
9\啟動
root@Ice-***:/usr/local/mysql# bin/mysqld_safe --user=mysql &
敲回車
root@Ice-***:/usr/local/mysql# /usr/local/mysql/bin/mysql -uroot -p Enter password: Welcome to the MySQL monitor. Commands end with ; or \g. Your MySQL connection id is 3 Server version: 5.7.18 Copyright (c) 2000, 2017, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective owners. Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement. mysql> show databases; ERROR 1820 (HY000): You must reset your password using ALTER USER statement before executing this statement. mysql>
10\重置密碼
mysql> SET PASSWORD = PASSWORD('newpasswd');
Query OK, 0 rows affected, 1 warning (0.00 sec)
mysql> show databases;
+--------------------+
| Database |
+--------------------+
| information_schema |
| mysql |
| performance_schema |
| sys |
+--------------------+
4 rows in set (0.00 sec)
mysql> quit
Bye
11\設置開機啟動
root@Ice-***:/usr/local/mysql# cp /usr/local/mysql/support-files/mysql.server /etc/init.d/mysqld root@Ice-***:/usr/local/mysql# chmod 755 /etc/init.d/mysqld
12\安裝mysql-server 和 mysql-client
root@Ice-***:~# apt-get install mysql-server root@Ice-***:~# apt-get install mysql-client root@Ice-***:~# apt-get install libmysqlclient-dev E: Sub-process /usr/bin/dpkg returned an error code (1)
解決辦法:
1.$ sudo mv /var/lib/dpkg/info /var/lib/dpkg/info_old //現將info文件夾更名
2.$ sudo mkdir /var/lib/dpkg/info //再新建一個新的info文件夾
3.$ sudo apt-get update,
$ apt-get -f install //修復依賴樹
4.$ sudo mv /var/lib/dpkg/info/* /var/lib/dpkg/info_old //執行完上一步操作後會在新的info文件夾下生成一些文件，現將這些文件全部移到info_old文件夾下
5.$ sudo rm -rf /var/lib/dpkg/info //把自己新建的info文件夾刪掉
6.$ sudo mv /var/lib/dpkg/info_old /var/lib/dpkg/info //把以前的info文件夾重新改回名字
最後,如果是Ubuntu系統可能無法向表中插入漢字,無法從表中查詢漢字..
解決辦法:
關閉數據庫服務
service mysql stop ~$ sudo vim /etc/mysql/mysql.conf.d/mysqld.cnf
在[mysqld]下添加一行character_set_server=utf8
配置文件選段:
[mysqld] # # * Basic Settings # user = mysql pid-file = /var/run/mysqld/mysqld.pid socket = /var/run/mysqld/mysqld.sock port = 3306 basedir = /usr datadir = /var/lib/mysql tmpdir = /tmp lc-messages-dir = /usr/share/mysql character_set_server=utf8 就是這一行,原來是沒有的,要手動添加! skip-external-locking #
將上述文件拷貝至/etc/mysql/my.cnf
~$ sudo cp /etc/mysql/mysql.conf.d/mysqld.cnf /etc/mysql/my.cnf
重啟數據庫服務
~$ /etc/init.d/mysql restart
如果查看字符集能得到如下結果就說明成功了.
mysql> show variables like 'collation_%'; +----------------------+-----------------+ | Variable_name | Value | +----------------------+-----------------+ | collation_connection | utf8_general_ci | | collation_database | utf8_general_ci | | collation_server | utf8_general_ci | +----------------------+-----------------+ 3 rows in set (0.00 sec) mysql> show variables like 'character_set_%'; +--------------------------+----------------------------+ | Variable_name | Value | +--------------------------+----------------------------+ | character_set_client | utf8 | | character_set_connection | utf8 | | character_set_database | utf8 | | character_set_filesystem | binary | | character_set_results | utf8 | | character_set_server | utf8 | | character_set_system | utf8 | | character_sets_dir | /usr/share/mysql/charsets/ | +--------------------------+----------------------------+ 8 rows in set (0.01 sec)
