如果Oracle在運行中很不幸遇到undo損壞,當然最好的方法是完全恢復,不過如果沒有備份,可以采用一種非常規的手段(利用Oracle的隱藏參數),如果此時undo包含未提交的事務,會造成一點點的數據丟失(一般都是可忍受的),如果沒有未提交的事務,則不會有數據丟失。其主要步驟有:
1. 修改undo表空間管理為手動;
2. 設置隱藏參數(_offline_rollback_segments或_corrupted_rollback_segments)標識受影響的回滾段,使Oracle忽略其上的未提交事務;
3. 手動刪除受影響的回滾段和undo表空間,然後重建新的undo表空間;
4. 還原undo表空間管理為自動。
實驗如下:
Step 1.
如果undo數據文件損壞,數據庫只能到mount狀態,open時會出現以下錯誤:
ORA-01157: cannot identify/lock data file 14 - see DBWR trace file
ORA-01110: data file 14: 'I:INTEL_DATAO06DMS0UNDO1.O06DMS0'
說明該undo文件已經損壞或丟失,把該文件offline之後就可以打開數據庫了:
SQL> alter database datafile 'I:INTEL_DATAO06DMS0UNDO1.O06DMS0' offline drop;
SQL> alter database open;
打開數據庫的目的是為了找出受影響的回滾段:
SQL> select segment_name,status from dba_rollback_segs;
SEGMENT_NAME STATUS
------------------------------ ----------------
SYSTEM ONLINE
_SYSSMU10_1201331463$ OFFLINE
_SYSSMU9_2926456744$ OFFLINE
_SYSSMU8_640224757$ OFFLINE
_SYSSMU7_3984293596$ OFFLINE
_SYSSMU6_3694658906$ OFFLINE
_SYSSMU5_3475919656$ OFFLINE
_SYSSMU4_168502732$ OFFLINE
_SYSSMU3_1987193959$ OFFLINE
_SYSSMU2_3908286755$ OFFLINE
_SYSSMU1_3281912951$ OFFLINE
SQL> show parameter undo
NAME TYPE VALUE
------------------------------------ ----------- -------------
undo_management string AUTO
undo_retention integer 900
undo_tablespace string undo1
關閉數據庫:
SQL> shutdown immediate;
Step 2.
創建一個臨時的pfile:
SQL> create pfile='H:initO06DMS0.ora' from spfile;
修改pfile如下:
*.undo_management='manual' -- undo表空間管理方式修改為手動
*.undo_tablespace='undo2' --指定一個新的undo表空間
*._offline_rollback_segments=('_SYSSMU10_1201331463$','_SYSSMU9_2926456744$','_SYSSMU8_640224757$','_SYSSMU7_3984293596$','_SYSSMU6_3694658906$','_SYSSMU5_3475919656$','_SYSSMU4_168502732$','_SYSSMU3_1987193959$','_SYSSMU2_3908286755$','_SYSSMU1_3281912951$') --把所有受影響的回滾段都列在這裡
並以改pfile重新啟動數據庫:
SQL> startup pfile='H:initO06DMS0.ora'
Step 3.
手動刪除受影響的回滾段:
SQL>drop rollback segment "_SYSSMU10_1201331463$";
SQL>drop rollback segment "_SYSSMU9_2926456744$";
SQL>drop rollback segment "_SYSSMU8_640224757$";
SQL>drop rollback segment "_SYSSMU7_3984293596$";
SQL>drop rollback segment "_SYSSMU6_3694658906$";
SQL>drop rollback segment "_SYSSMU5_3475919656$";
SQL>drop rollback segment "_SYSSMU4_168502732$";
SQL>drop rollback segment "_SYSSMU3_1987193959$";
SQL>drop rollback segment "_SYSSMU2_3908286755$";
SQL>drop rollback segment "_SYSSMU1_3281912951$";
手動刪除舊的undo表空間:
SQL> drop tablespace undo1 including contents;
重建新的undo表空間:
SQL> create undo tablespace undo2 datafile 'I:INTEL_DATAO06DMS0UNDO2.O06DMS0' size 100m;
創建新的spfile,覆蓋舊的spfile:
SQL> create spfile from pfile='H:initO06DMS0.ora';
關閉數據庫:
SQL> shutdown immediate;
Step 4.
以原來的spfile啟動數據庫:
SQL> startup;
還原undo表空間管理為自動:
SQL> alter system set undo_management='auto' scope=spfile;
取消隱藏參數的設置:
SQL> alter system reset "_offline_rollback_segments" scope=spfile;
重啟使其生效:
SQL> shutdown immediate;
SQL> startup
SQL> show parameter undo
NAME TYPE VALUE
------------------------------------ ----------- -------------------
undo_management string AUTO
undo_retention integer 900
undo_tablespace string undo2
最終檢查一下:
SQL> select segment_name,status from dba_rollback_segs;
SEGMENT_NAME STATUS
------------------------------ ----------------
SYSTEM ONLINE
_SYSSMU40_1968985325$ ONLINE
_SYSSMU39_4040503138$ ONLINE
_SYSSMU38_4059847715$ ONLINE
_SYSSMU37_2692202156$ ONLINE
_SYSSMU36_2617425201$ ONLINE
_SYSSMU35_1133967719$ ONLINE
_SYSSMU34_1916939664$ ONLINE
_SYSSMU33_99444166$ ONLINE
_SYSSMU32_162619813$ ONLINE
_SYSSMU31_830375278$ ONLINE