直接拷貝數據文件實現Oracle數據遷移

背景介紹

由於機房服務器變更，需要將 Oracle 遷移到一台新服務器上去。

以下是環境說明：

• 原服務器地址： 192.168.1.15
• 新服務器地址： 192.168.1.18
• 操作系統：都是 CentOS 6.5
• 數據庫版本： 都是 11.2.0.1
  

新服務器上安裝和配置 Oracle

• 192.168.1.18

在新服務器（192.168.1.18）上安裝了Oracle，為了保險，主機名、數據庫實例名、安裝目錄都和原數據庫保持一致。具體安裝方法可參考：centos 6.5下安裝oracle 11gR2與Oracle自動啟動的配置

查詢需要拷貝的文件

1. 192.168.1.15
2. 需要切換到 oracle 用戶
3. 使用 sqlplus 登錄進 Oracle 數據庫

sqlplus / as sysdba

SQL> show parameter pfile
NAME     TYPE VALUE
------------------------------------ ----------- ------------------------------
spfile    string /u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1/dbs/spfileorcl.ora
SQL> show parameter control
NAME     TYPE VALUE
------------------------------------ ----------- ------------------------------
control_file_record_keep_time integer 7
control_files   string /u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/control01.ctl, /u01/app/oracle/recovery_area/orcl/control02.ctl
control_management_pack_access string DIAGNOSTIC+TUNING
SQL> select * from v$logfile;
 GROUP# STATUS TYPE MEMBER          IS_RECOVERY_DEST_FILE
---------- ------- ------- -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ---------------------
  3  ONLINE /u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/redo03.log      NO
  2  ONLINE /u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/redo02.log      NO
  1  ONLINE /u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/redo01.log      NO
SQL> select name from v$datafile;
NAME
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/system01.dbf
/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/sysaux01.dbf
/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/undotbs01.dbf
/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/users01.dbf
/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/users02.dbf
SQL> select name from v$tempfile;
NAME
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/temp01.dbf

根據以上查詢結果，發現有以下文件需要拷貝：

/u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1/dbs/spfileorcl.ora
/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/control01.ctl
/u01/app/oracle/recovery_area/orcl/control02.ctl
/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/redo03.log
/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/redo02.log
/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/redo01.log
/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/system01.dbf
/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/sysaux01.dbf
/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/undotbs01.dbf
/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/users01.dbf
/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/users02.dbf
/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/users03.dbf
/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/temp01.dbf

停掉原數據庫與新數據庫

• 192.168.1.15 和 192.168.1.18
• 使用 root 用戶

service oracle stop

使用scp拷貝文件到新服務器

• 192.168.1.15
• scp 命令可以把文件復制到遠程 Linux 服務器，可以參考：scp 命令

scp /u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1/dbs/spfileorcl.ora [email protected]:/u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1/dbs/spfileorcl.ora
scp /u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/control01.ctl [email protected]:/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/control01.ctl
scp /u01/app/oracle/recovery_area/orcl/control02.ctl [email protected]:/u01/app/oracle/recovery_area/orcl/control02.ctl
scp /u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/redo03.log [email protected]:/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/redo03.log
scp /u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/redo02.log [email protected]:/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/redo02.log
scp /u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/redo01.log [email protected]:/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/redo01.log
scp /u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/system01.dbf [email protected]:/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/system01.dbf
scp /u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/sysaux01.dbf [email protected]:/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/sysaux01.dbf
scp /u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/undotbs01.dbf [email protected]:/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/undotbs01.dbf
scp /u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/users01.dbf [email protected]:/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/users01.dbf
scp /u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/users02.dbf [email protected]:/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/users02.dbf
scp /u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/users03.dbf [email protected]:/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/users03.dbf
scp /u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/temp01.dbf [email protected]:/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/temp01.dbf

等待拷貝完成

嘗試啟動新數據庫

1. 192.168.1.18
2. 使用 oracle 用戶

dba 登錄進行啟動數據庫

[oracle@oracle ~]$ sqlplus / as sysdba
SQL*Plus: Release 11.2.0.1.0 Production on Thu Sep 17 09:26:11 2015
Copyright (c) 1982, 2009, Oracle. All rights reserved.
Connected to an idle instance.
SQL> startup
ORACLE instance started.
Total System Global Area 6747725824 bytes
Fixed Size   2213976 bytes
Variable Size  5100275624 bytes
Database Buffers  1610612736 bytes
Redo Buffers  34623488 bytes
Database mounted.
Database opened.

注意最後一句，到這裡就啟動成功了。這次很順利，沒有出現意外。也可以通過以下語句檢測數據庫的狀態：

SQL> select status from v$instance;
STATUS
------------
OPEN

如果 Database mounted 成功後報錯，也就是數據庫最終不是 open 狀態，只是 mounted 狀態， 可以嘗試恢復數據庫。

recover database;

完成後，再打開數據庫，一般可以成功。

alter database open;

驗證兩個庫的數據

根據自己的實際情況進行驗證, 這裡不再贅述.

總結

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