2014-12-23 Created By 鮑新建
一、摘要
RMAN_學習實驗1_RMAN備份標准過程（案例）
RMAN是Oracle提供的恢復和備份工具，是隨Oracle服務器軟件一同安裝的工具軟件，它可以用來備份和恢復數據庫文件、歸檔日志和控制文件，用來執行完全或不完全的數據庫恢復。
與傳統工具相比，RMAN具有獨特的優勢：跳過未使用的數據塊。
當備份一個RMAN備份集時，RMAN不會備份從未被寫入的數據塊，而傳統的方式無法獲知那些是未被使用的數據塊。
RMAN使用Oracle特有的二進制壓縮模式，與傳統備份的壓縮方式相比，能夠最大程度地壓縮數據塊中的一些典型數據
二、備份 - Backup
Step1. 確認一個新的目錄是否夠大 - Check new filesystem for backup
[oracle@odellprod backup]$ pwd /data/oracle/odellprod/backup
[oracle@odellprod backup]$ df -k /data/oracle/odellprod/backup Filesystem 1K-blocks Used Available Use% Mounted on /dev/sda2 38352124 18196724 18175792 51% /
Step2. 將數據庫odellprod切換成Mount模式 - Mount database odellprod
[oracle@odellprod backup]$ . oraenv ORACLE_SID = [odellprod] ? odellprod The Oracle base for ORACLE_HOME=/opt/oracle/product/11.2.0/odellprod is /opt/oracle
[oracle@odellprod backup]$ sqlplus '/as sysdba' SQL*Plus: Release 11.2.0.1.0 Production on Tue Dec 23 01:34:36 2014 Copyright (c) 1982, 2009, Oracle. All rights reserved. Connected to an idle instance. SQL> startup mount ORACLE instance started. Total System Global Area 422670336 bytes Fixed Size 1336960 bytes Variable Size 318769536 bytes Database Buffers 96468992 bytes Redo Buffers 6094848 bytes Database mounted.
Step3. 備份數據庫、日志、控制文件和參數文件 - Backup database, archivelogs, controlfiles and spfile with rman
[oracle@odellprod backup]$ export NLS_DATE_FORMAT='YYYY-MM-DD HH24:MI:SS'
[oracle@odellprod backup]$ rman target /
Recovery Manager: Release 11.2.0.1.0 - Production on Tue Dec 23 01:38:07 2014
Copyright (c) 1982, 2009, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
connected to target database: ODELLPRO (DBID=1328237028, not open)
RMAN> show DEVICE TYPE;
using target database control file instead of recovery catalog
RMAN configuration parameters for database with db_unique_name ODELLPROD are:
CONFIGURE DEVICE TYPE DISK PARALLELISM 1 BACKUP TYPE TO BACKUPSET; # default
RMAN> CONFIGURE DEVICE TYPE DISK PARALLELISM 6;
new RMAN configuration parameters:
CONFIGURE DEVICE TYPE DISK PARALLELISM 6 BACKUP TYPE TO BACKUPSET;
new RMAN configuration parameters are successfully stored
RMAN> show DEVICE TYPE;
RMAN configuration parameters for database with db_unique_name ODELLPROD are:
CONFIGURE DEVICE TYPE DISK PARALLELISM 6 BACKUP TYPE TO BACKUPSET;
RMAN> run
{
BACKUP AS COMPRESSED BACKUPSET
INCREMENTAL LEVEL = 0 DATABASE
FORMAT = '/data/oracle/odellprod/backup/ODELLPROD_DF_%U_%T' tag 'database backup'
PLUS ARCHIVELOG SKIP INACCESSIBLE
FORMAT='/data/oracle/odellprod/backup/ODELLPROD_ARCH_%U_%T' tag 'archive log backup';
backup spfile format '/data/oracle/odellprod/backup/ODELLPROD_SPFILE' tag 'spfile backup';
backup current controlfile format '/data/oracle/odellprod/backup/ODELLPROD_CONTROLFILE' tag 'control file backup';
}2> 3> 4> 5> 6> 7> 8> 9> 10> 11> 12>
Starting backup at 2014-12-23 01:39:01
Finished backup at 2014-12-23 01:44:46
RMAN> list backup;
RMAN> exit
三、恢復還原 - Restore/Recovery
Step1. 確認Backup目錄是否有效 - Make sure filesystem with backups is mounted
[oracle@odellprod backup]$ df -k /data/oracle/odellprod/backup Filesystem 1K-blocks Used Available Use% Mounted on /dev/sda2 38352124 19588744 16783772 54% / [oracle@odellprod backup]$ ls -ltr /data/oracle/odellprod/backup total 1391716 -rw-r----- 1 oracle oinstall 169477120 Dec 23 01:42 ODELLPROD_ARCH_0apqrkto_1_1_20141223 -rw-r----- 1 oracle oinstall 160933376 Dec 23 01:42 ODELLPROD_ARCH_0fpqrktq_1_1_20141223 -rw-r----- 1 oracle oinstall 179330048 Dec 23 01:42 ODELLPROD_ARCH_0bpqrkto_1_1_20141223 -rw-r----- 1 oracle oinstall 190604800 Dec 23 01:42 ODELLPROD_ARCH_0cpqrktp_1_1_20141223 -rw-r----- 1 oracle oinstall 195282944 Dec 23 01:43 ODELLPROD_ARCH_0dpqrktp_1_1_20141223 -rw-r----- 1 oracle oinstall 195831296 Dec 23 01:43 ODELLPROD_ARCH_0epqrktp_1_1_20141223 -rw-r----- 1 oracle oinstall 1441792 Dec 23 01:43 ODELLPROD_DF_0hpqrl5i_1_1_20141223 -rw-r----- 1 oracle oinstall 3637248 Dec 23 01:43 ODELLPROD_DF_0kpqrl5l_1_1_20141223 -rw-r----- 1 oracle oinstall 98304 Dec 23 01:43 ODELLPROD_DF_0mpqrl66_1_1_20141223 -rw-r----- 1 oracle oinstall 1114112 Dec 23 01:43 ODELLPROD_DF_0lpqrl5m_1_1_20141223 -rw-r----- 1 oracle oinstall 22978560 Dec 23 01:43 ODELLPROD_DF_0jpqrl5j_1_1_20141223 -rw-r----- 1 oracle oinstall 93609984 Dec 23 01:44 ODELLPROD_DF_0ipqrl5i_1_1_20141223 -rw-r----- 1 oracle oinstall 199303168 Dec 23 01:44 ODELLPROD_DF_0gpqrl5h_1_1_20141223 -rw-r----- 1 oracle oinstall 98304 Dec 23 01:44 ODELLPROD_SPFILE -rw-r----- 1 oracle oinstall 9895936 Dec 23 01:44 ODELLPROD_CONTROLFILE
Step2. 從備份中恢復參數文件 - Restore spfile from backups
[oracle@odellprod dbs]$ . oraenv ORACLE_SID = [odellprod] ? odellprod The Oracle base for ORACLE_HOME=/opt/oracle/product/11.2.0/odellprod is /opt/oracle
[oracle@odellprod dbs]$ export NLS_DATE_FORMAT='YYYY-MM-DD HH24:MI:SS'
[oracle@odellprod dbs]$ rman target / Recovery Manager: Release 11.2.0.1.0 - Production on Tue Dec 23 01:57:55 2014 Copyright (c) 1982, 2009, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. connected to target database (not started) RMAN> startup nomount Oracle instance started Total System Global Area 422670336 bytes Fixed Size 1336960 bytes Variable Size 318769536 bytes Database Buffers 96468992 bytes Redo Buffers 6094848 bytes RMAN> restore spfile to '$ORACLE_HOME/dbs/spfileodellprod.ora' from '/data/oracle/odellprod/backup/ODELLPROD_SPFILE'; RMAN> shutdown immediate Oracle instance shut down
Step3. 從備份中恢復控制文件 - Restore controlfiles from backups and mount database
RMAN> startup nomount connected to target database (not started) startup failed: ORA-01078: failure in processing system parameters LRM-00109: could not open parameter file '/opt/oracle/product/11.2.0/odellprod/dbs/initodellprod.ora' starting Oracle instance without parameter file for retrieval of spfile Oracle instance started Total System Global Area 159019008 bytes Fixed Size 1335192 bytes Variable Size 75497576 bytes Database Buffers 79691776 bytes Redo Buffers 2494464 bytes RMAN> restore controlfile from '/data/oracle/odellprod/backup/ODELLPROD_CONTROLFILE'; Starting restore at 2014-12-23 02:03:52 allocated channel: ORA_DISK_1 channel ORA_DISK_1: SID=18 device type=DISK channel ORA_DISK_1: restoring control file channel ORA_DISK_1: restore complete, elapsed time: 00:00:01 output file name=/opt/oracle/product/11.2.0/odellprod/dbs/cntrlodellprod.dbf Finished restore at 2014-12-23 02:03:53 RMAN> alter database mount; database mounted released channel: ORA_DISK_1
Step4. 從備份中恢復數據文件 - Restore database from backups
RMAN> restore database; Starting restore at 2014-12-23 02:04:35 allocated channel: ORA_DISK_1 channel ORA_DISK_1: SID=18 device type=DISK allocated channel: ORA_DISK_2 channel ORA_DISK_2: SID=19 device type=DISK allocated channel: ORA_DISK_3 channel ORA_DISK_3: SID=21 device type=DISK allocated channel: ORA_DISK_4 channel ORA_DISK_4: SID=22 device type=DISK allocated channel: ORA_DISK_5 channel ORA_DISK_5: SID=23 device type=DISK allocated channel: ORA_DISK_6 channel ORA_DISK_6: SID=24 device type=DISK skipping datafile 1; already restored to file /opt/oracle/oradata/odellprod/system01.dbf skipping datafile 2; already restored to file /opt/oracle/oradata/odellprod/sysaux01.dbf skipping datafile 3; already restored to file /opt/oracle/oradata/odellprod/undotbs01.dbf skipping datafile 4; already restored to file /opt/oracle/oradata/odellprod/users01.dbf skipping datafile 5; already restored to file /opt/oracle/oradata/odellprod/example01.dbf restore not done; all files read only, offline, or already restored Finished restore at 2014-12-23 02:04:37
Step5. 還原數據庫 - Recover database
RMAN> recover database; Starting recover at 2014-12-23 02:05:15 using channel ORA_DISK_1 using channel ORA_DISK_2 using channel ORA_DISK_3 using channel ORA_DISK_4 using channel ORA_DISK_5 using channel ORA_DISK_6 starting media recovery archived log for thread 1 with sequence 103 is already on disk as file /opt/oracle/oradata/odellprod/redo01.log archived log file name=/opt/oracle/oradata/odellprod/redo01.log thread=1 sequence=103 media recovery complete, elapsed time: 00:00:00 Finished recover at 2014-12-23 02:05:16
Step6. 打開數據 - Open database
RMAN> alter database open resetlogs; database opened
Thanks and Regards
