在Exadata中，出現任何與數據庫無關的問題的時候最好都運行exachk進行健康檢查。exachk收集的信息很全，省去大量人工收集的繁瑣步驟。並且收集完成以後，可以在整體上對系統的健康狀況做一個評估，該報告包含軟件、硬件、固件版本、配置等方面信息，從中發現一些可疑點，進而縮小范圍進行下一步的診斷。
這篇文章主要記錄了exachk的基本使用方法，exachk可以從MOS文檔：1070954.1中下載得到。
首先要聲明兩個環境變量RAT_ORACLE_HOME和RAT_EXADATA_VERSION，不然之後的使用過程中會報錯：
[oracle@dm02db01 dbhome_1]$ echo $ORACLE_HOME
/u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0.4/dbhome_1
[oracle@dm02db01 dbhome_1]$ export RAT_ORACLE_HOME=/u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0.4/dbhome_1
[oracle@dm02db01 exachk]$ rpm -qa |grep exadata
exadata-oswatcher-11.2.3.3.0.131014.1-1
exadata-asr-11.2.3.3.0.131014.1-1
exadata-sun-computenode-11.2.3.3.0.131014.1-1
exadata-base-11.2.3.3.0.131014.1-1
exadata-applyconfig-11.2.3.3.0.131014.1-1
exadata-ibdiagtools-11.2.3.3.0.131014.1-1
exadata-exachk-11.2.3.3.0.131014.1-1
exadata-validations-compute-11.2.3.3.0.131014.1-1
exadata-ipconf-11.2.3.3.0.131014.1-1
exadata-commonnode-11.2.3.3.0.131014.1-1
exadata-firmware-compute-11.2.3.3.0.131014.1-1
exadata-sun-computenode-minimum-11.2.3.3.0.131014.1-1
[oracle@dm02db01 exachk]$ export RAT_EXADATA_VERSION=11.2.3.3.0
然後運行exachk：
[oracle@dm02db01 dbhome_1]$ cd /opt/oracle.SupportTools/
[oracle@dm02db01 oracle.SupportTools]$ cd exachk
[oracle@dm02db01 exachk]$ ./exachk
CRS stack is running and CRS_HOME is not set. Do you want to set CRS_HOME to /u01/app/11.2.0.4/grid?[y/n][y] --確認CRS_HOME的路徑
Checking ssh user equivalency settings on all nodes in cluster
Node dm02db02 is configured for ssh user equivalency for oracle user
Searching for running databases . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . .
List of running databases registered in OCR
1. bdataedw
2. bdataetl
3. cata
4. edw
5. ETL
6. OMSSTD
7. portalstd
8. rdsdbstd
9. All
10. None
Select respective number to choose database for checking best practices. For multiple databases, select 9 for All or comma separated number like 1,2 etc [1-10][9]. --選擇要進行檢查的庫，1-8是掃描到的8個庫，9是全部檢查，10是跳過。
Searching out ORACLE_HOME for selected databases.
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
ls: /u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0.4/dbhome_1ORACLE_HOME_OLD/bin/oracle: No such file or directory
Checking Status of Oracle Software Stack - Clusterware, ASM, RDBMS
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Oracle Stack Status
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Host Name CRS Installed ASM HOME RDBMS Installed CRS UP ASM UP RDBMS UP DB Instance Name
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
dm02db01 Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes bdataedw1 bdataetl1 cata1 edw1 ETL1 OMS3 portal1 rdsdb1
dm02db02 Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes bdataedw2 bdataetl2 cata2 edw2 ETL2 OMS4 portal2 rdsdb2
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
root user equivalence is not setup between dm02db01 and STORAGE SERVER dm02cel01.
1. Enter 1 if you will enter root password for each STORAGE SERVER when prompted.
2. Enter 2 to exit and configure root user equivalence manually and re-run exachk.
3. Enter 3 to skip checking best practices on STORAGE SERVER.
Please indicate your selection from one of the above options[1-3][1]:-
Is root password same on all STORAGE SERVER[y/n][y]
Enter root password for STORAGE SERVER :- --所有cell節點的密碼
root password for 192.168.0.19 was incorrect. 2 retries remaining.
Enter root password for 192.168.0.19 :-
root password for 192.168.0.19 was incorrect. 1 retries remaining.
Enter root password for 192.168.0.19 :-
root password for 192.168.0.19 was incorrect. root privileged checks will not be executed on 192.168.0.19
--如果有節點的root密碼和其他節點的不同會提示你單獨輸入，如果不知道的話exachk在收集階段會跳過該節點，不影響其他節點的正常運行。
expect: spawn id exp6 not open
while executing
"expect "*?assword:*""
expect: spawn id exp6 not open
while executing
"expect "*?assword:*""
expect: spawn id exp6 not open
while executing
"expect "*?assword:*""
expect: spawn id exp6 not open
while executing
"expect "*?assword:*""
120 of the included audit checks require root privileged data collection on DATABASE SERVER. If sudo is not configured or the root password is not available, audit checks which require root privileged data collection can be skipped.
1. Enter 1 if you will enter root password for each on DATABASE SERVER host when prompted
2. Enter 2 if you have sudo configured for oracle user to execute root_exachk.sh script on DATABASE SERVER
3. Enter 3 to skip the root privileged collections on DATABASE SERVER
4. Enter 4 to exit and work with the SA to configure sudo on DATABASE SERVER or to arrange for root access and run the tool later.
Please indicate your selection from one of the above options[1-4][1]:-
Is root password same on all compute nodes?[y/n][y]
Enter root password on DATABASE SERVER:- --所有DB節點的root密碼
9 of the included audit checks require root privileged data collection on INFINIBAND SWITCH .
1. Enter 1 if you will enter root password for each INFINIBAND SWITCH when prompted
2. Enter 2 to exit and to arrange for root access and run the exachk later.
3. Enter 3 to skip checking best practices on INFINIBAND SWITCH
Please indicate your selection from one of the above options[1-3][1]:-
Is root password same on all INFINIBAND SWITCH ?[y/n][y] --INFINIBAND的root密碼
Enter root password for INFINIBAND SWITCH :-
root passwords for following nodes are incorrect.
You can still continue but root privileged checks will not be executed on following nodes.
1. 192.168.0.19
Do you want to continue[y/n][y]:-
*** Checking Best Practice Recommendations (PASS/WARNING/FAIL) ***
Log file for collections and audit checks are at
/opt/oracle.SupportTools/exachk/exachk_112114_162425/exachk.log
=============================================================
Node name - dm02db01
=============================================================
Collecting - ASM DIsk I/O stats
Collecting - ASM Disk Groups
Collecting - ASM Diskgroup Attributes
Collecting - ASM disk partnership imbalance
Collecting - ASM initialization parameters
Collecting - Active sessions load balance for bdataedw database
Collecting - Active sessions load balance for bdataetl database
Collecting - Active sessions load balance for cata database
Collecting - Active sessions load balance for edw database
..............
Collecting patch inventory on CRS HOME /u01/app/11.2.0.4/grid
Collecting patch inventory on ORACLE_HOME /u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0.4/dbhome_1
Collecting patch inventory on ORACLE_HOME /u01/app2/oracle/product/11.2.0.2/dbhome_1
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Detailed report (html) - /opt/oracle.SupportTools/exachk/exachk_rdsdbstd_112114_162425/exachk_rdsdbstd_112114_162425.html
UPLOAD(if required) - /opt/oracle.SupportTools/exachk/exachk_rdsdbstd_112114_162425.zip
至此exachk運行完畢，可以下載/opt/oracle.SupportTools/exachk/exachk_rdsdbstd_112114_162425.zip文件，打開/opt/oracle.SupportTools/exachk/exachk_rdsdbstd_112114_162425/exachk_rdsdbstd_112114_162425.html進行查看。
可以從中比較直觀的看到目前存在的一些問題，界面如下：
