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Linux正則表達式(Regular Expression)重要服從POSIX BRE或許POSIX ERE尺度。甚麼是POSIX呢,POSIX Portable Operating System Interface 可移植操作體系接口ERE是BRE的擴大版本,詳細更強的處置才能,並增長了一些元字符(metacharactor)。
BRE重要的才能集有:
1) 通俗字符(Literal text),如a,b,c等
2)非打印字符,包含TAB,回車,換行,回車換行(WINDOWS)
3)隨意率性字符.
4)字符集,包含單詞型字符([[:alnum:]]),非單詞型字符([^[:alnum:]]),數字([[:digit:]]),非數字([^[:alnum:]]),空格、TAB、換行等空白字符([[:space:]])和非空白字符([^[:space:]])
5)邊沿婚配符,不論是BRE照樣ERE,都只支撐婚配行首或行尾,不像perl,還可以婚配單詞首和單詞尾
6)婚配反復次數(Quantifier/Repetition)
7)分組及後向援用
8)多項婚配(Alteration),應用元字符|,該特征只ERE支撐,BRE沒有此功效
BRE與ERE仿佛對ASCII和UNICODE能否都支撐尚待確認;
正前向查找和負前向查找不支撐;
正後向查找和負後向查找不支撐;
BRE與ERE在才能上差別僅在多項婚配的才能上,其他方面沒有年夜的差異,重要的差別表現在元字符上。
BRE只界說了4組元字符:
[] 用於在多個字符當選定一個字符停止婚配,[]內可以有-以示規模,但-自己不是元字符
. 用於婚配隨意率性字符
^ 用於婚配時表現“非”的寄義,還有一個用法是婚配行首
$ 用於婚配行尾
ERE在此基本上增長了3組元字符的界說:
{} 用於表現反復婚配的次數。BRE中只將{}看成通俗字符看待,要應用此功效必需加\停止本義,即“\{\}”
() 用於分組。BRE中只將()看成通俗字符看待,要應用此功效必需加\停止本義,即“\(\)”
| 完整為ERE新增的多項婚配才能界說的,BRE無多項婚配才能,只將|作通俗字符看待
以上內容是小編給年夜家引見的Linux正則表達式特征詳解及BRE與ERE的分歧,願望年夜家愛好。
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